Russell L. Weaver - Mastering Tort Law, Second Edition

CAROLINA ACADEMIC PRESS MASTERING SERIES

RUSSELL WEAVER, SERIES EDITOR

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The Investigative Stage, Second Edition

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Mastering Criminal Procedure, Volume 2:
The Adjudicatory Stage, Second Edition

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Mastering Income Tax

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Mastering Intellectual Property

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Mastering Legal Analysis and Communication

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and Other Payment Systems

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Mastering Tort Law, Second Edition

Russell L. Weaver, Edward C. Martin, Andrew R. Klein,
Paul J. Zwier, II, John H. Bauman

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Lars S. Smith, Llewellyn Joseph Gibbons

Mastering Trusts and Estates

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SECOND EDITION

Russell L. Weaver

PROFESSOR OF LAW & DISTINGUISHED UNIVERSITY SCHOLAR
UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE, LOUIS D. BRANDEIS SCHOOL OF LAW

Edward C. Martin

PROFESSOR OF LAW
SAMFORD UNIVERSITY, CUMBERLAND SCHOOL OF LAW

Andrew R. Klein

PAUL E. BEAM PROFESSOR OF LAW &
CHIEF OF STAFF FOR THE OFFICE OF THE CHANCELLOR
INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAWINDIANAPOLIS

Paul J. Zwier, II

PROFESSOR OF LAW
EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW

John H. Bauman

PROFESSOR OF LAW
SOUTH TEXAS COLLEGE OF LAW

Copyright 2016
Carolina Academic Press
All Rights Reserved

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Weaver, Russell L., 1952- author.

Title: Mastering tort law / Russell L. Weaver [and four others].

Description: Second Edition. | Durham, North Carolina : Carolina Academic Press, [2016] | Series: Mastering series | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2016027275 | ISBN 9781611634419 (alk. paper)

Subjects: LCSH: Torts--United States. | Liability (Law)--United States. | Damages--United States.

Classification: LCC KF1250 .M328 2016 | DDC 346.7303--dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016027275

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Printed in the United States of America

To Ben, Kate and Laurence, with love,

RLW

To Susan with love, and to all of my current and former Torts students
who have made teaching this subject such a joy!

ECM

To Diane, Timothy & Jason,

ARK

To my Torts students, and to Marlene with Love.

PJZ

To Kathee, and to Mary, Hannah and Clare,

JHB

Adams v. Alabama Lime & Stone Corp. 142 So. 424 (1932),

Aguehounde v. District of Columbia, 666 A.2d 443 (D.C. 1995),

Ainsworth v. Century Supply Co. 693 N.E.2d 510 (Ill. App. Ct. 1998),

Alamo Nat'l Bank v. Kraus, 616 S.W.2d 908 (Tex. 1981),

Anaya v. Superior Court, 93 Cal. Rptr. 2d 228 (Cal. Ct. App. 2000),

Anderson v. Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie. Ry., 179 N.W. 45 (Minn. 1920),

Bagley v. Insight Commc'ns Co., 658 N.E.2d 584 (Ind. 1995),

Baldwin v. Gartman, 604 So. 2d 347 (Ala. 1992),

Banks v. Nordstrom, 787 P.2d 953 (Wash. Ct. App. 1990),

Barr v. Matteo, 360 U.S. 564 (1959),

Bartnicki v. Vopper, 532 U.S. 514 (2002),

Beauharnais v. Illinois, 343 U.S. 250 (1952),

Bello v. Random House, Inc., 422 S.W.2d 339 (Mo. 1967),

Bennett v. Hymers, 147 A.2d 108 (N.H. 1958),

Beresford v. Starsky, 571 N.E.2d 1257 (Ind. 1991),

Bird v. Holbrook, 4 Bing. 628, 130 Eng. Rep. 911,

Birwood Paper Co. v. Damsky, 229 So. 2d 514 (Ala. 1969),

Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of the FBI, 403 U.S. 388 (1971),

BMW v. Gore, 517 U.S. 559 (1996),

Bonte v. Bonte, 616 A.2d 464 (N.H. 1992),

Borders v. Board of Trustees, VFW Clubs 2875, Inc., 500 S.E. 2d 362 (Ga. App. 1998),

Bradley v. Appalachian Power Co., 256 S.E.2d 879 (W. Va. 1979),

Brauer v. New York Cent. & Hudson River R.R. Co., 103 A. 166 (1918),

Braun v. Armour & Co., 173 N.E. 845 (N.Y. 1939),

Brown v. Superior Court, 751 P.2d 470 (Cal. 1988),

Burton v. Crowell Publ'g Co., 82 F.2d 154 (2d Cir. 1936),

Byrne v. Boadle, 159 Eng. Rep. 299 (Exch. 1863),

Cain v. Hearst Corp., 878 S.W.2d 577 (Tex. 1994),

Cambridge Water Co. v. Eastern Counties Leather PLC, 1 All E.R. 53 (H.L. 1994),

Canterbury v. Spence, 464 F.2d 772 (D.C. Cir. 1972),

Cantrell v. Forest City Publ'g Co., 419 U.S. 245 (1974),

Carolina C. & O. Ry. v. Hill, 89 S.E. 902 (Va. 1916),

Carter v. Innisfree Hotel, Inc., 661 So. 2d 1174 (Ala. 1995),

Chapman v. Craig, 431 N.W.2d 770 (Iowa 1988),

Cintrone v. Hertz Truck Leasing, 212 A.2d 769 (N.J. 1965),

Colyer v. Richard K. Fox Publ'g Co., 146 N.Y.S. 999 (1914),

Cooper Industries, Inc. v. Leatherman Tool Group, Inc., 532 U.S. 424 (2001),

Cox Broad. Corp. v. Cohn, 420 U.S. 469 (1975),

Crown v. John Peter Zenger, [1735] 17 How. St. Tr. 675,