Misa Lindberg - ESL--English as a Second Language--Verbs: a QuickStudy Digital Reference Guide
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- Book:ESL--English as a Second Language--Verbs: a QuickStudy Digital Reference Guide
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Verbs are one of the most difficult aspects of English, especially for language leaners. This tool is designed to find answers fast. Best if used during or after a course, training, or tutoring of the English language, even if being taught by friends or family. All content is in English. Every facet of verb use is covered including examples and tables. This digital guide is handy enough to go anywhere as a cheat sheet reference for speaking English. As a new student of the language this is a must-have, as the learner progresses the guide offers quick access answers for practice until the guide becomes less and less necessary.
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- Verbs are words that usually show action, such as talk, walk, sit, eat, go, and write.EX: He eats a banana.
- Sometimes, verbs do not show action; instead, someverbs connect the subject with an adjective. These areoften called linking verbs. Some examples are: be, become,get, smell, sound, taste, feel, look, appear, seem.
- Verbs also give information about time.
- Some verb tenses are: present, past, future.
- Simple tenses tell about habits and single actions.
- Continuous or progressive tenses focus on the action happening at the moment of speaking (continuous tenses always have a form of the verb be and -ing on the base form of the verb).
- Various other tenses tell about when the action happenedin relation to the present moment or another event. See the Verb Tenses section for examples and further explanation.
| Simple | Continuous |
| It snows in December. | It is snowing now. |
| John smoked cigars. | John is smoking a cigar now. |
| Mary ate dinner an hour ago. | Mary was eating when I arrived. |
- Transitive verbs are followed by an object.
- People eat food.
- I enjoy music.
- John will need a passport.
- Intransitive verbs are not followed by an object.
- Boys run.
- Fish swim.
- Children cry.
- Some verbs can be both transitive and intransitive.
- Transitive:
- People eatfood.
- John drives a car.
- They are studyingEnglish.
- Intransitive:
- People eat.
- John drives.
- They are studying.
- Transitive:
- Most verbs are regular verbs:
- -ed is added to make the past tense and the past participle.
- Verbs have four principle parts:
| Base Form | Past Tense | Past Participle | Present Participle |
| play | played | played | playing |
| want | wanted | wanted | wanting |
| cook | cooked | cooked | cooking |
| study | studied | studied | studying |
- A gerund is the -ing form of a verb andis the same as the present participle.
- Verb base form + ing: sleeping, playing,walking, doing
- It is used in the same way as a noun:
- As asubject:
- WalkingS
a good form of exercise.isV
- As anobject:
- WeSenjoyV
tennis.playingO
- As asubject:
- Gerunds are used with certain verbs:
- Verb base form + gerundEX: He quit smoking.
- Common verbs followed by gerunds:
- AppreciateEX: I appreciate your arriving early.
- AvoidEX: You avoid cleaning your room.
- Consider (think about)EX: Please consider taking the day offof work.
- Discuss (talk about)EX: We will discuss building a new office.
- EnjoyEX: Children enjoy getting dirty.
- Finish (get through)EX: Lets finish reading and then gooutside to play.
- Keep (keep on)EX: Keep going!
- Quit (give up)EX: It is difficult to quit smoking.
- SuggestEX: I suggest moving to a new city.
- Go is followed by a gerund in certain idiomatic expressions, mostly relating to recreational activities:
- Goboating, gocamping, godancing, goswimming, gohiking
- Being + past participleEX: I appreciate beinginvited to thisevent.
- Having + past participleEX: I appreciate havinghad the opportunity to meet her.
- Having been + past participleEX: I appreciate having beentold thenews.
| Simple Present Tense | Present Continuous Tense |
Shows habit; indicates what a person doesevery day (each year, every month, everyday, etc.). I eat you eat (singular) he/she/it eats we eat you (all) eat (plural) they |
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