After infantry battalions and armoured regiments of the Canadian army were mobilized, they were assigned to brigades, and then further allocated to divisions and corps. (Battalions and regiments are known as units, while brigades, divisions and corps are known as formations.) Once established, the composition of brigades, divisions and corps usually remained fixed. The allocation of artillery units was generally more flexible, depending on the requirements of a particular operation, but they usually had a permanent home formation.
The ships of Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) were not assigned to higher formations on a permanent basis, reflecting the inherent flexibility of sea power. The organization of naval formations, such as squadrons, flotillas, task forces and fleets was not fixed, but based on many different requirements, from ship type to operational necessity. Ships moved in and out of such formations as circumstances dictated.
The assignment of Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) squadrons to higher formations, such as wings, groups and commands, remained in flux during much of the war, as new squadrons were formed and the Royal Air Force (RAF) to which all overseas Canadian squadrons were assigned reorganized on a frequent basis. Squadrons moved between higher formations as circumstances dictated, demonstrating the intrinsic flexibility air power provides.
Canadian Army Overseas
(Armoured, Artillery and Infantry units only)
First Canadian Army
Elgin Regiment (Armoured Delivery Regiment)
1st Army Group, Royal Canadian Artillery
11th Army Field Regiment
1st Medium Regiment
2nd Medium Regiment
5th Medium Regiment
2nd Army Group, Royal Canadian Artillery
19th Army Field Regiment
3rd Medium Regiment
4th Medium Regiment
7th Medium Regiment
2nd Heavy Ant-Aircraft Regiment (Mobile)
Royal Montreal Regiment (Army Headquarters Defence Battalion)
I Canadian Corps
Royal Canadian Dragoons (Corps Armoured Car Regiment)
7th Anti-Tank Regiment
1st Survey Regiment
1st Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment
Lorne Scots (Peel, Dufferin and Halton Regiment) (Corps Defence Company)
1st Canadian Infantry Division
4th Princess Louise Dragoon Guards (Division Reconnaissance Regiment)
1st Field Regiment, RCHA
2nd Field Regiment
3rd Field Regiment
1st Anti-Tank Regiment
2nd Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment
Saskatoon Light Infantry (MG) (Division Machine Gun Battalion)
1st Infantry Brigade
Royal Canadian Regiment
Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment
48th Highlanders of Canada
2nd Infantry Brigade
Princess Patricias Canadian Light Infantry
Seaforth Highlanders of Canada
Loyal Edmonton Regiment
3rd Infantry Brigade
Royal 22e Rgiment
Carleton and York Regiment
West Nova Scotia Regiment
5th Canadian Armoured Division
Governor Generals Horse Guards (Division Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment)
17th Field Regiment
8th Field Regiment (Self-Propelled)
4th Anti-Tank Regiment
5th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment
5th Armoured Brigade
Lord Strathconas Horse (Royal Canadians)
8th Princess Louises (New Brunswick) Hussars
British Columbia Dragoons
Westminster Regiment (Motor) (Brigade Motorized Infantry Battalion)
11th Infantry Brigade
Princess Louise Fusiliers (Brigade Independent Machine Gun Company)
Perth Regiment
Cape Breton Highlanders
Irish Regiment of Canada
12th Infantry Brigade (existed temporarily in Italy by conversion or reassignment of units to meet a requirement for additional infantry in theatre)
Princess Louise Fusiliers (Brigade Independent Machine Gun Company) (provided by Princess Louise Fusiliers)
4th Princess Louise Dragoon Guards (converted from reconnaissance, replaced in 1st Division by Royal Canadian Dragoons)
Lanark & Renfrew Scottish Regiment (converted from 1st Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment)
Westminster Regiment (Motor) (reassigned from 5th Armoured Brigade)
II Canadian Corps
12th Manitoba Dragoons (Corps Armoured Car Regiment)
6th Anti-Tank Regiment
2nd Survey Regiment
6th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment
Prince Edward Island Light Horse (Corps Defence Company)
2nd Canadian Infantry Division
14th Canadian Hussars (Division Reconnaissance Regiment)
4th Field Regiment
5th Field Regiment
6th Field Regiment
2nd Anti-Tank Regiment
3rd Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment
Toronto Scottish Regiment (MG) (Division Machine Gun Battalion)
4th Infantry Brigade
Royal Regiment of Canada
Royal Hamilton Light Infantry
Essex Scottish Regiment
5th Infantry Brigade
Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada
Rgiment de Maisonneuve
Calgary Highlanders
6th Infantry Brigade
Fusiliers Mont-Royal
Queens Own Cameron Highlanders of Canada
South Saskatchewan Regiment
3rd Canadian Infantry Division
17th Duke of Yorks Royal Canadian Hussars (Division Reconnaissance Regiment)
12th Field Regiment
13th Field Regiment
14th Field Regiment
3rd Anti-Tank Regiment
4th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment
Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa (MG) (Division Machine Gun Battalion)
7th Infantry Brigade
Royal Winnipeg Rifles
Regina Rifle Regiment
1st Battalion, Canadian Scottish Regiment
8th Infantry Brigade
Queens Own Rifles of Canada
Rgiment de la Chaudire
North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment
9th Infantry Brigade
Highland Light Infantry of Canada
Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders
North Nova Scotia Highlanders
4th Canadian Armoured Division
South Alberta Regiment (Division Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment)
15th Field Regiment
23rd Field Regiment (Self-Propelled)
5th Anti-Tank Regiment
8th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment
4th Armoured Brigade
Governor Generals Foot Guards
Canadian Grenadier Guards
British Columbia Regiment
Lake Superior Regiment (Motor) (Brigade Motorized Infantry Battalion)
10th Infantry Brigade
10th Independent Machine Gun Company (New Brunswick Rangers)
Lincoln and Welland Regiment
Algonquin Regiment
Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada (Princess Louises)
1st Canadian Armoured Brigade
Ontario Regiment
Three Rivers Regiment
Calgary Regiment
2nd Canadian Armoured Brigade
1st Hussars
Fort Garry Horse
Sherbrooke Fusiliers Regiment
Canadian units that served with British formations
Hong Kong Garrison
Force C
Royal Rifles of Canada
Winnipeg Grenadiers
6th British Airborne Division
1st Canadian Parachute Battalion
79th British Armoured Division
1st Canadian Armoured Personnel Carrier Regiment
Canadian units that served with American formations