Christopher Lee is a writer, historian and broadcaster, best-known for writing the radio history series This Sceptred Isle for the BBC. Lee was the first Quatercentenary Fellow in Contemporary History and Gomes Lecturer at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He researched The History of Ideas at Birkbeck, University of London. He has written nearly thirty books and more than one hundred radio plays.
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First published in the UK by BBC Books, 1997
This updated edition published by Constable, an imprint of Constable & Robinson Ltd., 2012
Copyright Christopher Lee 1997, 2012
The right of Christopher Lee to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
Extracts from A History of the English-speaking Peoples by Sir Winston S. Churchill reproduced with permission of Curtis Brown Group Ltd Sir Winston S. Churchill
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A copy of the British Library Cataloguing in Publication data is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-1-84529-994-1
eISBN 978-1-84901-939-2
Printed and bound in the UK
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For
Charlie, George and Elizabeth
Contents
Authors Note
B ritish Isles appears to be a late sixteenth-century phrase, sometimes attributed to John Dee. Please accept the inaccuracy of British Isles when used in the work for periods earlier than the Elizabethans. It is convenient and hopefully offends no one. I have used BC as a personal preference to BCE although some readers may prefer the latter. I have also, with acknowledgement to the Venerable Bede, used Anno Domini.
Timeline
2.42.1 billion years BC | Huronian Glacial (Ice) Age |
850630 million years BC | Cryogenian Ice Age |
460430 million BC | Andean-Sahara Ice Age |
360260 million BC | Karoo Ice Age |
c .2 million c .10,000 BC | Old Stone Age (Palaeolithic) |
c. 10,000 BC c .5,500 BC | Middle Stone Age (Mesolithic) |
c .5,500 c .2,500 BC | New Stone Age (Neolithic) |
3,150 BC 1,200 BC | The Seven Bronze Ages |
c .1,200 BC c .580 BC | Iron Age |
55 BC | Caesars first exploratory invasion |
54 BC | Caesars second invasion opposed by Cassivellaunus |
AD 43 | Conquests starts and Caratacus defeated at the Medway |
| Invasion of Wales and slaughter of the Druids; rebellion of Boudicca |
| Julius Agricola, Roman governor of Britain |
| Battle of Mons Graupius (Romans defeat Picts led by Calgacus) |
c. 12230 | Hadrians Wall |
| The first Christian church in England |
| Division of Roman Empire |
| Martyrdom of St Alban |
30637 | Constantine the Great |
| Withdrawal of Roman legions and the virtual end of Roman rule; beginning of the Dark Ages |
| Angles, Saxon and Jute invaders; Hengist and Horsa; St Patrick in Ireland |
| Defeat of last Roman Emperor Romulus Augustulus by the German, Odoacer |
| lle conquers Sussex |
| Jutes conquer Kent |
| King Arthur defeat Saxons at Mount Badon |
c .550 | St Davids Mission to Wales |
| Columba establishes the Iona community |
| St Augustine lands in Kent |
c .607 | The first St Pauls Church in London |
| Lindisfarne monastery |
| Synod of Whitby |
c .685 | Foundation of Saxon Winchester Cathedral |
| Book of Kells |
c .783 | Offas Dyke |
| Start of Danish raids |
| Egbert, overlord of England |
c .840 | Dublin built by Danes |
c .850 | Kenneth MacAlpin, first King of Scotia |
| Alfred the Great |
c . 891 | The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle |
| King Athelstan |
| Edmund I |
| King Edgar |
| Corfe Castle and Edward the Martyr |
| thelred (Ethelred) the Unready |
| lfrics Life of the Saints |
| Danes besiege London |
c .1000 | Offshore and deep-sea fishing starts |
1002 | St Brices Day Massacre |
1007 | Danegeld |
1016 | Cnut |
1017 | England split into four earldoms |
1034 | Duncan I of Scotland |
1035 | Harold I of England |
1039 | Gruffudd ap Llywelyn |
1040 | Harthacnut |
1040 | Macbeth, King of Scots |
1042 | Edward the Confessor |
1058 | Malcolm III Canmore, King of Scots |
1064 | Earl Harolds homage to William of Normandy |
1066 | Harold II and Battle of Hastings; King William I; Hereward the Wake |
1067 | First Marcher Lord (Hereford); Tower of London started |
1079 | Norman Winchester Cathedral started |
1086 | Domesday started |
1087 | William Rufus; Rhys ap Tewdwr |
10937 | Donald III Bane, King of Scots |
1097 | Edgar, King of Scots |
1100 | Henry I; marries Matilda |
1107 | Alexander I, King of Scots |
c .1110 | Miracle Plays first performed (Dunstable) |
1120 | White Ship ; death of Henry Is son, William |
1124 | David I |
113554 | King Stephen |
1138 | David I invades England |
1153 | Malcolm IV, King of Scots |
1154 | Henry II; Adrian IV only English Pope |
1165 | William, the Lion of the Scots |
1166 | Rory OConnor drives Dermot MacMurrough from Ireland |
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