Lynn Thorndike - The History of Medieval Europe
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Never again would the Roman Empire regain complete control over the western half of Europe.Yet, this would not be the civilization in Europe.After a brief period of anarchy and turmoil various nations across the continent rose up and forged new ideas and identities that not only drew upon the classical past but upon them and developed them far more than their Roman and Greek forebears could envisage.Lynn Thorndikes remarkable book The History of Medieval Europe explores the development of Europe and its civilization, from the decline of the Roman Empire to the opening of the sixteenth century.At the outset of the book, Thorndike explains, that the general plan is to treat medieval Europe as a whole rather than to give the respective histories of individual nations, such as France, Germany, England, and Italy. This is due to the fact that the modern interest in that national state has usually been carried too far in the study of the Middle Ages. Local division, not national unity and central government, is surely the striking feature through most of the medieval centuries.Through the course of the book Thorndike uncovers many fascinating subjects and themes, including the emergence of Christianity as the dominant religion of the continent, the Islamic invasions of the eighth century, the conflicts between Papacy and Emperors, Charlemagne and the creation of the Holy Roman Empire, how feudalism developed, the expansion of merchant trade and how it was dominated by guilds, up to the emergence of the Renaissance.the book is a fresh, scholarly, and up-to-date treatment mediaeval history by an experienced and successful teacher of the subject.The American Journal of EducationLynn Thorndike was an American historian who specialized in the history of medieval science and alchemy. Counter to Swiss historian Jacob Burckhardt who argued that the Italian Renaissance was a separate phase, Thorndike believed that most of the political, social, moral and religious phenomena which are commonly defined as Renaissance seemed to be almost equally characteristic of Italy at any time from the twelfth to the eighteenth centuries. His book The History of Medieval Europe was first published in 1917 and he passed away in 1965.
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PERENNIAL PRESS
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All rights reserved. Aside from brief quotations for media coverage and reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced or distributed in any form without the authors permission. Thank you for supporting authors and a diverse, creative culture by purchasing this book and complying with copyright laws.
Copyright 2015 by Lynn Thorndike
Published by Perennial Press
Interior design by Pronoun
Distribution by Pronoun
ISBN: 9781518352393
2015
461-431 B.C. Age of Pericles
451-449 B.C. Twelve Tables of Roman Law
336-323 B.C. Reign of Alexander the Great
31 B.C.-14 A.D. Reign of Augustus Csar and foundation of the Roman Empire.
A.D. 70 Destruction of Jerusalem
98 Germania of Tacitus
98-117 Reign of Trajan; Roman Empire at its greatest extent
161-180 Reign of Marcus Aurelius; signs of decline
227 Persian Kingdom replaces the Parthian
251 Decius defeated and slain by the Goths
284-305 Reign of Diocletian
325 Council of Nica called by Constantine the Great
378 Battle of Adrianople
395 Death of Theodosius the Great
410 Sack of Rome by Alaric
413-426 The City of God of Augustine
419 Kingdoms of West Goths and Burgundians in southwestern and southeastern Gaul
438 The Theodosian Code
439 Carthage captured by the Vandals
440-461 Pope Leo the Great
c. 450 Britain invaded by the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes
451 Battle of the Catalaunian Fields or Chalons
455 Valentinian III assassinated. Rome sacked by the Vandals
466-484 Reign of Euric, King of the West Goths; conquest of Spain begun
476 Transition from the Roman to the Byzantine Empire
481-511 Reign of Clovis, King of the Franks
493-526 Reign of Theodoric, the Fast Goth, in Italy
518-565 Reigns of Justin and Justinian
529 The Rule of St. Benedict
533 The Digest or Pandects of Justinian
534 Byzantine conquest of North Africa from the Vandals Frankish conquest of the Burgundian Kingdom
555 Byzantine conquest of Italy from the East Goths
565 Mission of St. Columba to Iona, Scotland
568 Lombards invade Italy. Avars invade central Europe
582 Fall of Sirmium
590-604 Pope Gregory the Great
597 Mission of St. Augustine to Kent
610 Accession of Heraclius in the Byzantine Empire
615 Death of St. Columban in northern Italy
622 Hegira of Mohammed. Etymologies of Isidore
629-639 Frankish territories reunited under Dagobert
632-651 Mohammedan conquest of Syria, Egypt, Persia
661 Ommiad dynasty founded
664 Synod of Whitby
687 Battle of Testry
698 Carthage permanently captured by the Mohammedans
711-713 Mohammedan conquest of Spain
718 Mission of Boniface to Germany
726 Iconoclastic decree of Leo III, Byzantine Emperor
731 Ecclesiastical History of Bede
732 Battle of Tours
750 Abbassid dynasty founded
751 Ravenna captured by the Lonbards. Carolingian dynasty founded by Pepin
755 Ommiad Emirate of Cordova
768-814 Reign of Charlemagne
774 End of the Lombard Kingdom
787 Danish invasions begin in England
800 Imperial coronation of Charlemagne
827 Saracen invasion of Sicily begins
842 The Strassburg Oaths
843 The Treaty of Verdun
c. 859 Rurik becomes Grand Prince of Russia
864 Conversion of Boris I of Bulgaria
869 Eighth cumenical Council at Constantinople
870 The Treaty of Mersen
871-901 Reign of Alfred the Grest in England
885 Paris besieged by the Northmen
887 Deposition of the Emperor Charles
c. 896 Invasions of the Magyars begin
904 Saloniki seized by the Saracens
909 Fatimite dynasty founded in North Africa
910 Abbey of Cluny founded
911-912 Origin of Normandy
929 Caliphate of Cordova founded by Abd-er-Rahman III
934 Kingdom of Arles begins
955 Battle of the Lechfeld
962 Otto the Great crowned Holy Roman Emperor
969 Egypt conquered by the Fatimites
975 Death of Edgar the Peaceful, King of England
980-1037 Avicenna
987 Hugh Capet founds the Capetian dynasty
997-1038 Reign of St. Stephen of Hungary
999-1003 Pope Sylvester II (Gerbert)
c. 1000 Discovery of Vinland. Oldest manuscript of Beowulf
1002 Death of Almansor
1013 Danish kings in England
1015-1087 Constantinus Africanus
1032 End of the Kingdom of Aries
1036 End of the Caliphate of Cordova
1036-1067 Baldwin V. Count of Flanders
139-1056 Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor
1040 Death of Foulques Nerra, Count of Anjou
1057 End of Macedonian dynasty in the Byzantine Empire
1059 Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily, as the
Popes vassal
1063-1118 Cathedral at Pisa built
1066 Norman conquest of England
1071 Battle of Manzikert
1073-1085 Pope Gregory VII (Hildebrand)
1078 Jerusalem captured by the Turks
1079-1142 Abelard
1081-1118 Reign of Alexius Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor
1085 Toledo captured by Alfonso VI of Castile and Leon
1086 Battle of Zalaca
1086-1127 William X, Duke of Aquitaine, first known troubadour
1095 Pope Urban II proclaims the First Crusade. Foundation of Portugal
1099 Jerusalem stormed by the crusaders
1108-1137 Reign of Louis VI, the Fat, King of France. Roman law taught by Irnerius at Bologna. Questions about Nature of Adelard of Bath
1122 Concordat of Worms
1126-1198 Averros
1137 Union of Aragon and Barcelona
1143 Lbeck founded
1144 Fall of Edessa
c. 1150 Decretum of Gratian; Sentences of Peter Lombard
1154 Henry II, King of England, founds the Plantagenet or Angevin dynasty with vast continental fiefs. End of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Geography of Edrisi
1163 Foundation-stone of the Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris laid by Pope Alexander III
1170 Murder of Thomas Becket
1171 Saladin overthrows the Fatimite dynasty in Egypt
1171 Battle of Legnano
1180-1223 Reign of Philip II, Augustus, King of France
1183 Peace of Constance
1187 Jerusalem captured by Saladin
1198-1216 Pope Innocent III
1204 Latin Empire of Constantinople established
1208 Albigensian Crusade
1210 Study of Aristotles works on natural philosophy forbidden at the University of Paris
1212 Battle of Navas de Tolosa. Childrens Crusade
1215 Fourth Lateran Council. Magna Carta
1220 Amiens Cathedral begun
1221 Death of St. Dominic
1226 Death of St. Francis
1226-1270 Reign of St. Louis in France
1228 Teutonic Knights called in to conquer East Prussia
c. 1235 The Romance of the Rose begun by William of Lorris
1241 Mongol invasion of Europe. Choir of Rheims Cathedral completed
1250 Death of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
1252-1284 Reign of Alfonso the Wise of Castile
1256-1273 Interregnum in the Holy Roman Empire
1258 Bagdad sacked by the Mongols. Provisions of Oxford
1260 Cathedral of Chartres consecrated
1261 Byzantine Empire restored
1265 Simon de Montforts Parliament
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