Anna S. Agbe-Davies - Tobacco, Pipes, and Race in Colonial Virginia: Little Tubes of Mighty Power

This work would not have been possible without the people and institutions who gave access to and, more importantly, context for collections from some of the most compelling archaeological sites Virginia has to offer. My former colleagues in the Colonial Williamsburg Department of Archaeological ResearchMarley Brown, Andy Edwards, Kelly Ladd-Kostro, Dave Muraca, and Bill Pittman in particularwere unfailingly generous with their time and expertise and facilitated my use of the collections from the Page site, Port Anne, and Rich Neck. Alain Outlaw and Merry Outlaw of the Wheatland Foundation, Inc., shared their findings from the Drummond site with me, and Tom Davidson of the Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation provided access to those pipes. I was able to include Jamestowns Structure 144 thanks to the generosity of Bill Kelso, Jamie May, and Bly Straube, who shared artifacts and data from the recent Jamestown Rediscovery excavation as well as the pipes curated from earlier explorations of that structure. The pipes from the remaining Jamestown structures, as well as Green Spring, appear here thanks to the curatorial staff at Colonial National Historical Park, William Cahoon, Jackie Holt, and David Riggs. Linda Rowe of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundations Department of Historical Research helped me to work with the transcriptions of deeds, orders, and wills from the York County Records Project on which the final chapter of this book, in particular, relies. Records research and data collection was funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities under grants RS-0033-80-1604 and RO-20869-85.

The initial artifact study on which this book is based received funding from the Ford Foundations Diversity Fellowships Program, a Jamestown Scholarship from the National Park Service and the Organization of American Historians, and institutional support from the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. My mentors Robert Schuyler and Marley Brown were instrumental in shaping that research. Follow-up analysis was supported by a post-doctoral fellowship from the Ford Foundations Diversity Fellowships Program and from the University Research Council at the University of North Carolina: a Research and Study Leave, a University Research Grant, and a Junior Faculty Development Grant.

Throughout, Ive had productive discussions about pipes with a range of scholars, including Beth Bollwerk, Matthew Emerson, David Gadsby, David Givens, Jillian Galle, Julie King, Taft Kiser, Al Luckenbach, Seth Mallios, Cameron Monroe, Fraser Neiman, and Katie Sikes. I hope that the research presented here advances our conversation.

The careful critique and deep specialist knowledge of four anonymous reviewers have made this book far better than it would have been otherwise. I am also grateful to all of the people who have read bits of the manuscript (sometimes totally out of context!) and offered suggestions, feedback, and support. Thank you, Glaire Anderson, Lorraine Aragon, Jocelyn Chua, Jean Dennison, Tori Ekstrand, Marisa Escolar, Michael Gutierrez, Jennifer Larson, Towns Middleton, Tim McMillan, Amanda Thompson, Silvia Tomkov, Margaret Weiner, and Ellen Welch.

Im excited to be taking elements of this work in still new directions. Alex Bauer, Craig Cipolla, Zoe Crossland, Carol McDavid, Bob Preucel, and Steve Mrozowski have all contributed to my expanded understanding of Peirce, pragmatism, and semiotics in archaeology.

Finally, I would be remiss if I did not acknowledge those who helped me go the last mile with this manuscript. Mitch Allen has been unwavering in his support for this project, for which I am very grateful. I am also indebted to Left Coast Presss production manager Ryan Harris, as well as book designer Hannah Jennings and copy editor Michael Jennings, who helped transform a lot of words into a proper book. Thank you to indexer Michele Hughes for showing me how that exercise can advance a books argument and agenda. I must also mention the crew of writers (you know who you are) whose camaraderie and good cheer propelled me through the final weeks of revisions. And last, but far from least, my husband Eric Deetz not only brilliantly executed some of the illustrationson quite short noticebut has been throughout the best sounding board and champion one could hope for.