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Marc Hyden - Gaius Marius: The Rise and Fall of Romes Saviour

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Gaius Marius was one of the most remarkable and significant figures of the late Roman Republic. At a time when power tended to be restricted to a clique of influential families, he rose from relatively humble origins to attain the top office of consul. He even went on to hold the post an unprecedented seven times. His political career flourished but was primarily built on military success. First serving in the Numantine War in Spain, he later rose to high command and brought a long-running war in North Africa to a successful conclusion, bringing the Numidian King Jurgurtha back in chains. His return was timely as northern barbarian tribes threatened Italy and had previously defeated several Roman armies. Marius reformed and retrained the Republics forces and decisively defeated the invaders that had easily overpowered his predecessors. Marius subsequent career was primarily that of an elder statesman, but it was dominated by his rivalry with his erstwhile subordinate, Sulla, which ultimately led to the latters bloody coup. Marius, once hailed as the saviour of Rome, eventually became a desperate fugitive, literally fleeing for his life from his pursuers.However, after several harrowing brushes with death, Marius seized an opportunity to return to Rome and mete out justice to his enemies, which tarnished his once-enviable reputation.

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GAIUS MARIUS
GAIUS MARIUS
The Rise and Fall of Romes Saviour
By Marc Hyden
First published in Great Britain in 2017 by PEN SWORD MILITARY An imprint of - photo 1
First published in Great Britain in 2017 by
PEN & SWORD MILITARY
An imprint of
Pen & Sword Books Ltd
47 Church Street
Barnsley
South Yorkshire, S70 2AS
Copyright Marc Hyden, 2017
Front jacket image Sarah Johnson, 2017
ISBN 978 1 52670 233 3
eISBN 978 1 52670 235 7
Mobi-ISBN 978 1 52670 234 0
The right of Marc Hyden to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing.
Pen & Sword Books Limited incorporates the imprints of Atlas, Archaeology, Aviation, Discovery, Family History, Fiction, History, Maritime, Military, Military Classics, Politics, Select, Transport, True Crime, Air World, Frontline Publishing, Leo Cooper, Remember When, Seaforth Publishing, The Praetorian Press, Wharncliffe Local History, Wharncliffe Transport, Wharncliffe True Crime and White Owl.
For a complete list of Pen & Sword titles please contact
PEN & SWORD BOOKS LIMITED
47 Church Street, Barnsley, South Yorkshire, S70 2AS, England
E-mail:
Website: www.pen-and-sword.co.uk
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHRONOLOGY
Romulus founds Rome 753 BC
Roman Republic is founded 509 BC
Marius birth circa 157 BC
Conclusion of the Numantine War 133 BC
Possible dates for Marius military tribuneship 130-120 BC
Marius tribunate 119 BC
Marius campaigns for the aedileship circa 117 BC
Marius praetorship 115 BC
Marius governorship of Further Spain 114 BC
Possible dates for Marius marriage to Julia 113-110 BC
Birth of Gaius Marius the Younger circa 109 BC
Marius appointed as Metellus legate and travels to Africa 109 BC
Battle of Muthul 109 BC
Siege of Zama 109 BC
Sack of Vaga 108 BC
Marius first consulship 107 BC
Marius captures Capsa 107 BC
Battle near Muluccha 106 BC
Jugurtha is delivered to Marius 105 BC
Marius second consulship 104 BC
Marius first triumph 104 BC
Marius third consulship 103 BC
Marius provides land in Africa for his Jugurthine War veterans 103 BC
Marius fourth consulship 102 BC
Battles of Aquae Sextiae 102 BC
Marius fifth consulship 101 BC
Battle of Vercellae 101 BC
Marius second triumph circa 101 BC
Marius sixth consulship 100 BC
Marius provides land for his Cimbric War veterans 100 BC
Metellus is exiled from Rome 100 BC
Marius visits King Mithridates circa 98 BC
Marius is elected to an augurate circa 97 BC
Marius participation in the Social War 90 BC
Marius orchestrates the transfer of the Mithridatic command 88 BC
Sulla marches on Rome 88 BC
Marius is declared a hostis and flees Rome 88 BC
Marius returns to Rome 87 BC
Marius seventh consulship 86 BC
Marius death January 86 BC
I ARPINUM It is from the farming class that the bravest men and sturdiest - photo 2
I
ARPINUM
It is from the farming class that the bravest men and sturdiest soldiers come.
Marcus Porcius Cato
Ever since the Western Roman Empire fell in AD 476, the world has been fascinated by both the Roman Republic and Empire, and for good reason. Rome was unique in its achievements, longevity and influence. In fact, Rome is entirely unchallenged as the Western Hemispheres greatest empire, but in retrospect, its ultimate collapse seemed inevitable after centuries of mismanagement. Even so, more than 1,500 years after the exhausted empire fell, its lasting impression and influence can still be plainly observed. Accordingly, the Roman period has long been romanticized, and many of its former leaders are idolized even today. These legendary men, including Julius Caesar and Emperors Augustus, Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius and Constantine, are deservedly recognized for their accomplishments, but to solely focus on these individuals ignores the Romans who made their rise possible. Many illustrious men preceded them, and perhaps the most exceptional of them all was Gaius Marius. He was unmatched by his contemporaries and predecessors in many ways, but his name has survived only in relative obscurity. However, his story is easily one of the greatest rarely told.
In an extraordinary rise, Gaius Marius reached the pinnacle of power in ancient Rome and attained unprecedented prominence. He took the political world by storm and remained in power longer than any previous Roman. He is credited with reforming the Republics legions and defeating some of Romes most ominous and wily threats in dazzling military engagements. Consequently, he gained the reputation of a masterful and beloved general who saved Rome from certain disaster, and he became the willing recipient of the publics adulation. At the zenith of his career, he was even considered much more than a mere man. At times, his stature resembled that of a demi-god rather than a flawed politician, and while he certainly was a fallible human, Marius undoubtedly defined the age in which he lived in ways that few others have done.
However, Marius was an unlikely hero. His family wasnt particularly influential in Rome. In fact, none of his closely related kinsmen had ever held a Roman political office. Furthermore, Marius claimed to have been raised in relative poverty and was constantly troubled by hardships, but he was tenacious and ambitious. He settled for nothing less than unrivaled greatness, but he lived in a time when it was incredibly difficult to enter the political scene and rise to power without boundless wealth and an illustrious family lineage. Undaunted by these obstacles, Marius clawed his way to the top until he obtained a level of influence, success, popularity and wealth that was unmatched by any other Roman until the era of Julius Caesar, who happened to be Marius nephew.
While Marius ascendancy was undoubtedly impressive, it wasnt without copious transgressions. He increasingly demonstrated his willingness to circumvent Romes constitution when he believed that it was personally beneficial, and he regrettably partnered with unscrupulous politicians to achieve many of his political goals. All of which sullied his largely esteemed repute, but Marius grip on power was not everlasting. As his authority dwindled and was challenged, the defects of his character became ever more apparent. His propensity towards pettiness, cruelty and an unquenchable thirst for power was conspicuous during his decline and unfortunately defined the final chapter of his life. Nevertheless, his ultimate fall from grace was just as spectacular as his rise, and in an ironic and tragic turn of events, the man who once saved the Roman Republic also played an unmistakable role in its demise and destroyed his impressive legacy in the process.
Gaius Marius was born around 157 BC in an era when simply surviving infancy was a notable accomplishment.
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