I marvel at Michael Hagemeisters capacity to shed light on the darkest, the most consequential of all conspiratorial works of the modern age. He knows so well how to make sense of the resonance of nonsense, its persuasiveness and troubling persistence.
Steven J. Zipperstein, Daniel E. Koshland Professor in Jewish Culture and History at Stanford University, USA, and author of Pogrom: Kishinev and the Tilt of History
This collection of studies by the intellectual historian Michael Hagemeister sheds penetrating light on the many puzzles and myths surrounding The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, which since its first publication in Russia in 1903 has become a staple of antisemitic and conspirological discourse worldwide. Each of his articles, based on extensive archival research and displaying an enviable mastery of the vast polemical and scholarly literature devoted to the notorious forgery, deals with a different aspect of the Protocols: these range from when and by whom they were produced, what happened at the famous Bern trial in the 1930s, to the place of the document in apocalyptic speculations in todays Russia. In particular, Hagemeister shows that the theory favored by Norman Cohn and many others, according to which the Protocols were created by the Tsarist secret police, is deeply flawed, and the biography of Sergei Nilus, a key early editor and publisher of the Protocols, has been vastly distorted in recent fictional and other treatments. Hagemeisters book is a significant contribution and will be of great interest to scholars in many fields.
Henryk Baran, Professor of Slavic Literature at the University at Albany, SUNY, USA
Michael Hagemeister is certainly the best specialist on the Russian and German history of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, the most famous forgery in Western history. But, as the studies gathered in this book show, he has also explored the field of the international circulation of the forgery and analysed its various political uses. This historian and philologist, author of a large number of works of exceptional rigour and erudition, has done pioneering work in showing that, concerning the origins and worldwide dissemination of the Protocols, the elementary norms of historical research had been ignored in favour of a multitude of fictional accounts, constructed from 1921 onwards on the basis of the recollections of various supposed witnesses, many of whom were false witnesses. Through his unparalleled research on the best- and long-selling conspiracy and apocalyptic literature, based on a demystifying critique of carefully contextualised texts and documents, Michael Hagemeister has brilliantly contributed to a scientific history of modern political myths and utopias.
Pierre-Andr Taguieff, philosopher and historian of ideas, Director of Research at the CNRS, France, and author of Les Protocoles des Sages de Sion: Faux et usages dun faux
The Perennial Conspiracy Theory
The Perennial Conspiracy Theory is a collection of essays on The Protocols of the Elders of Zion , a fake document which has created a pernicious antisemitic conspiracy theory.
The author analyses the murky origins of this notorious forgery and the contested claims of authorship. He explores the impact of the Protocols on various countries during the interwar years including Soviet Russia, the United Kingdom, France, Nazi Germany, and the United States. He also profiles figures closely associated with the dissemination of antisemitic conspiracy theories, such as Sergei Nilus and Leslie Fry, as well as examining the controversies arising from the famous Bern trial related to the Protocols . The book concludes with an assessment of the ongoing influence of the Protocols in post-Soviet Russia.
This volume will be of interest to researchers and students working in the fields of antisemitism, conspiracy theories, the far right, Jewish studies, and modern history.
Michael Hagemeister has lectured in Russian (Intellectual) History at universities in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.
Routledge Studies in Fascism and the Far Right
Series editors
Nigel Copsey, Teesside University, UK and Graham Macklin, Center for Research on Extremism (C-REX), University of Oslo, Norway
This book series focuses upon national, transnational and global manifestations of fascist, far right and right-wing politics primarily within a historical context but also drawing on insights and approaches from other disciplinary perspectives. Its scope also includes anti-fascism, radical-right populism, extreme-right violence and terrorism, cultural manifestations of the far right, and points of convergence and exchange with the mainstream and traditional right.
Titles include:
Imagining Far-right Terrorism
Violence, Immigration, and the Nation State in Contemporary Western Europe
Josefin Graef
Male Supremacism in the United States
From Patriarchal Traditionalism to Misogynist Incels and the Alt-Right
Edited by Emily K. Carian, Alex DiBranco and Chelsea Ebin
The Fascist Faith Of Romanias Legion Archangel Michael in Romania, 192741
Martyrdom To National Purification
Constantin Iordachi
A Transnational History of Right-Wing Terrorism
Political Violence and the Far Right in Eastern and Western Europe since 1900
Edited by Johannes Dafinger and Moritz Florin
For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/Routledge-Studies-in-Fascism-and-the-Far-Right/book-series/FFR
The Perennial Conspiracy Theory
Reflections on the History of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
Michael Hagemeister
First published 2022
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2022 Michael Hagemeister
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Figure 5.1: From THE PLOT: THE SECRET STORY OF THE PROTOCOLS OF THE ELDERS OF ZION by Will Eisner. Copyright 2005 by Will Eisner Studios, Inc. Used by permission of W. W. Norton and Company, Inc.
Every effort has been made to contact copyright-holders. Please advise the publisher of any errors or omissions, and these will be corrected in subsequent editions.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
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ISBN: 978-1-032-06015-6 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-032-06116-0 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-20078-9 (ebk)
DOI: 10.4324/9781003200789
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