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Tony Insall - The Brussels and North Atlantic Treaties, 1947-1949: Documents on British Policy Overseas, Series I, Volume X

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Tony Insall The Brussels and North Atlantic Treaties, 1947-1949: Documents on British Policy Overseas, Series I, Volume X
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The Brussels and North Atlantic Treaties, 1947-1949: Documents on British Policy Overseas, Series I, Volume X: summary, description and annotation

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This volume documents the drafting, negotiation and signature of the treaty that has been the cornerstone of European defence for the past sixty-five years: the North Atlantic Treaty signed in April 1949.

The story begins at the end of 1947, when the British Foreign Secretary, Ernest Bevin, became convinced of the need to persuade the United States of America, which had emerged from the Second World War as the pre-eminent global military and economic power and one of the only two superpowers, to underwrite the future security of Western Europe. It progresses through the negotiation of the Brussels Treaty of March 1948an essential prerequisite to securing American participation in a wider defensive systemand ends with the signature of the North Atlantic Treaty after a series of setbacks, difficulties and security threats. The documents, drawn from the archives of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, the Cabinet Office and No. 10 (with some transferred into the public domain for the first time), demonstrate how diplomatic skills and determination, inspired by Bevins vision, led to a system of collective security that played an indispensable part in the preservation of peace between East and West for the rest of the twentieth century.

This book will be of much interest to students of the Cold War, European and American history, British political history, international history and IR in general.

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THE BRUSSELS AND NORTH ATLANTIC TREATIES, 19471949
Documents on British Policy Overseas.
Series I, Volume X
Edited by Tony Insall and Patrick Salmon
The Brussels and North Atlantic Treaties 1947-1949 Documents on British Policy Overseas Series I Volume X - image 1
WHITEHALL HISTORIES: FOREIGN AND COMMONWEALTH OFFICE PUBLICATIONS
Series Editors: Patrick Salmon and Richard Smith ISSN: 1471-2083
FCO historians are responsible for editing Documents on British Policy Overseas (DBPO) and for overseeing the publication of FCO Internal Histories.
DBPO comprises three series of diplomatic documents, focusing on major themes in foreign policy since 1945, and drawn principally from the records of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. The latest volumes, published in Series III, are composed almost wholly of documents from within the thirty-year closed period, which would otherwise be unavailable to the public.
Since the early 1960s, several Internal Histories have been prepared by former or serving officers, the majority of which concentrated upon international developments and negotiations in which the UK has been directly involved. These were initially intended for use within the FCO, but some of the more substantial among them, studies that offer fresh insights into British diplomacy, are now being declassified for publication.
Published DBPO volumes:
SERIES I: 1945-1950
Volume I: The Conference at Postdam, July-August 1945
0 11 591682 2
Volume II: Conferences and Conversations, 1945: London, Washington and Moscow
0 11 591683 0
Volume III: Britain and America: Negotiation of the US Loan, 3 August-7 December 1945
0 11 591684 9
Volume IV: Britain and America: Atomic Energy, Bases and Food, 12 December 1945-31 July 1946
0 11 591685 7
Volume V: Germany and Western Europe, 11 August-31 December 1945
0 11 591686 5
Volume VI: Eastern Europe, August 1945-April 1946
0 11 591687 3
Volume VII: The UN, Iran and the Cold War, 1946-1947
0 11 591689 X
Volume VIII: Britain and China, 1945-1950
Volume IX: The Nordic Countries in the Early Cold War, 1944-51
978-0-415-59476-9
Volume X: The Brussels and North Atlantic Treaties, 1947-1949
978-0-415-85822-9
SERIES II: 1950-1960
Volume I: The Schuman Plan, the Council of Europe and Western European Integration, May 1950-December 1952
0 11 591692 X
Volume II: The London Conference: Anglo-American Relations and Cold War Strategy, January-June 1950
0 11 591693 8
Volume III: German Rearmament, September-December 1950
0 11 591694 6
Volume IV: Korea, June 1950-April 1951
0 11 591695 4
SERIES III: 1960-
Volume I: Britain and the Soviet Union, 1968-1972
0 11 591696 2
Volume II: The Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, 1972-1975
0 11 591697 0
Volume III: Dtente in Europe, 1972-1976
0 7146 5116 8
Volume IV: The Year of Europe: America, Europe and the Energy Crisis, 1972-1974
0 415 39150 4
Volume V: The Southern Flank in Crisis, 1973-76
0 7146 5114 1
Volume VI: Berlin in the Cold War, 1948-1990
978-0-415-45532-9
Volume VII: Britain and German Unification 1989-1990
978-0-415-55002-4
Volume VIII: The Invasion of Afghanistan and UK-Soviet Relations, 1979-1982
978-0-415-67853-7
DOCUMENTS ON BRITISH POLICY OVERSEAS
Series I, Volume X
The Brussels and North Atlantic Treaties, 19471949
First published 2015
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
2015 Tony Insall and Patrick Salmon
The right of the editor to be identified as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Laying the foundations of post-war security: the Brussels and North Atlantic treaties, 194749: documents on British policy overseas, Series I, Volume X/edited by Tony Insall, Patrick Salmon.
pages cm (Whitehall Histories: Foreign and Commonwealth Office Publications)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. North Atlantic Treaty (1949) 2. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 3. EuropeDefenses. 4. Security, International. 5. EuropePolitics and government1945- I. Insall, Tony, editor of compilation. II. Salmon, Patrick, editor of compilation.
KZ5925.L39 2014
341.72026091821dc23
2014002620
ISBN: 978-0-415-85822-9 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-88056-3 (ebk)
Typeset in New Baskerville
by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear
CONTENTS
This volume documents the drafting, negotiation and signature of the treaty that has been the cornerstone of European defence for the past sixty-five years: the North Atlantic Treaty signed in April 1949. The story begins at the end of 1947, when the British Foreign Secretary, Ernest Bevin, became convinced of the need to persuade the United States of America, which had emerged from the Second World War as the pre-eminent global military and economic power and one of the only two superpowers, to underwrite the future security of Western Europe. It progresses through the negotiation of the Brussels Treaty of March 1948an essential prerequisite to securing American participation in a wider defensive systemand ends with the signature of the North Atlantic Treaty after a series of setbacks, difficulties and security threats.
By the end of 1946 the Soviet Union had been successful in extending its control over a large part of Eastern Europe. This control began to be challenged in early 1947, following the announcement of the Truman Doctrine in March,1 the expulsion of Communist members of the Italian and French Governments in May, and the prospect of economic recovery following General Marshalls speech at Harvard in June which marked the start of the process leading to the creation of the European Recovery Programme (the Marshall Plan).
The result was a visible readjustment of Soviet policy. Collaboration with non-Communist parties, both in Eastern Europe and elsewhere, was abandoned. Governments under Soviet influence were instructed to cease their co-operation with the European Recovery Programme, to which several had initially responded positively. The Communist Information Bureau (Cominform) was established by the Soviet Union and eight other European Communist Parties in September 1947 to coordinate the activities of Communist parties and to take the lead in resisting the plans of imperialist expansion and aggression in all spheres.2 The process continued during the next few months, with the elimination of opposition in Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and Poland, and strikes and disorder in France and Italy. The United Nations General Assembly in November 1947 concluded with little accomplished. Finally, in London in December 1947 the fifth session of the Council of Foreign Ministers, which had been discussing Germany, collapsed unexpectedly and adjourned indefinitely, having failed to reach any sort of agreement. There appeared to be no prospect of resolving the differences that separated the two sides.
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