Nadine de Courtenay - The Reform of the International System of Units (SI): Philosophical, Historical and Sociological Issues

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The Reform of the International System of Units (SI)

Systems of units still fail to attract the philosophical attention they deserve, but this could change with the current reform of the International System of Units (SI). Most of the SI base units will henceforth be based on certain laws of nature and a choice of fundamental constants whose values will be frozen. The theoretical, experimental and institutional work required to implement the reform highlights the entanglement of scientific, technological and social features in the scientific enterprise, while it also invites a philosophical inquiry that promises to overcome the tensions that have long affected science studies.

Nadine de Courtenay is Associate Professor of History and Philosophy of Science at the Paris Diderot University & Laboratoire SPHERE, France.

Olivier Darrigol is Research Director at CNRS & Laboratoire SPHERE, France.

Oliver Schlaudt is Associate Professor of Philosophy of Science at Heidelberg University, Germany.

History and Philosophy of Technoscience

Series Editor: Alfred Nordmann

Titles in this series

The Mysterious Science of the Sea, 17751943

Natascha Adamowsky

Reasoning in Measurement

Nicola Mner and Alfred Nordmann

Research Objects in their Technological Setting

Bernadette Bensaude Vincent, Sacha Loeve, Alfred Nordmann and Astrid Schwarz

Environments of Intelligence

From Natural Information to Artificial Interaction

Hajo Greif

A History of Technoscience

Erasing the Boundaries between Science and Technology

David F. Channell

Visual Representations in Science

Concept and Epistemology

Nicola Mner

From Models to Simulations

Franck Varenne

The Reform of the International System of Units (SI)

Philosophical, Historical and Sociological Issues

Edited by Nadine de Courtenay, Olivier Darrigol, and Oliver Schlaudt

For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com

First published 2019

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge

52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2019 selection and editorial matter, Nadine de Courtenay, Olivier Darrigol, and Oliver Schlaudt; individual chapters, the contributors

The right of Nadine de Courtenay, Olivier Darrigol, and Oliver Schlaudt to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Courtenay, Nadine de, 1961 editor. | Darrigol, Olivier,

editor. | Schlaudt, Oliver, editor.

Title: The reform of the International System of Units (SI) :

philosophical, historical, and sociological issues / edited by

Nadine de Courtenay, Olivier Darrigol, and Oliver Schlaudt.

Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. |

Series: History and philosophy of technoscience ; 15 | Includes

bibliographical references.

Identifiers: LCCN 2018045789 (print) | LCCN 2018049894

(ebook) | ISBN 9781351048989 (eBook) | ISBN

9781138483859 (hardback : alk. paper)

Subjects: LCSH: Metric system. | MeasurementHistory.

Classification: LCC QC91 (ebook) | LCC QC91 .R4354 2019

(print) | DDC 530.8/1209dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018045789

ISBN: 978-1-138-48385-9 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-351-04898-9 (ebk)

Typeset in Galliard

by Apex CoVantage, LLC

Contents

NADINE DE COURTENAY, OLIVIER DARRIGOL AND OLIVER SCHLAUDT

TERRY QUINN

MARTIN J. T. MILTON

CHRISTIAN BORD

ALESSANDRO GIORDANI AND LUCA MARI

SUSAN G. STERRETT

JEAN-MARC LVY-LEBLOND

SALLY RIORDAN

INGVAR JOHANSSON

Guide

Figures

Tables

Christian Bord is Emeritus Director of Research at CNRS, member of the Institut Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, UMR 7538 CNRS, Universit Paris Nord; LNE-SYRTE, UMR 8630 CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, France.

Nadine de Courtenay is Associate Professor of History and Philosophy of Science at Paris Diderot University and UMR SPHERE, France.

Olivier Darrigol is Director of Research at CNRS, UMR SPHERE, France.

Alessandro Giordani is Associate Professor in the Department of Philosophy at the Universit Cattolica, Milan, Italy.

Ingvar Johansson is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Philosophy at Ume University, Sweden.

Jean-Marc Lvy-Leblond is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Physics, Universit de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France.

Luca Mari is Professor of Measurement Science at Universit Cattaneo LIUC, Castellanza, Italy.

Martin J. T. Milton is Director of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, Pavillon de Breteuil, Svres, France.

Terry Quinn is Honorary Director of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, Pavillon de Breteuil, Svres, France, and Fellow of the Royal Society.

Sally Riordan is Senior Research Fellow at the Education Observatory, University of Wolverhampton, England.

Oliver Schlaudt is Associate Professor of Philosophy of Science in the Department of Philosophy at Heidelberg University, Germany.

Susan G. Sterrett is Curtis D. Gridley Distinguished Professor in the History and Philosophy of Science in the Department of Philosophy at Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, USA.

Nadine de Courtenay, Olivier Darrigol and Oliver Schlaudt

Measurement is ubiquitous. It has been part and parcel of everyday activities in commerce, manufacturing and administration since ancient times, and it is the hallmark of our most sophisticated contemporary scientific enterprises. As a result of the entwinement of science and technology, metrology, the science of measurement, now pervades the very infrastructure of our society. Moreover, as society becomes more globalized there is a growing need for how we measure to be reviewed; tighter, worldwide comparability of measurements and standards is required.

The significance of measurement, however, does not figure highly in the current agenda for philosophy of science. Measurement has suffered even more than experiment from neglect, as philosophers have turned their attention to theoretical concerns. Measurement featured prominently in the analyses of the logical empiricists, but by the second half of the twentieth century the focus had switched. The purely formal developments of the representational theory of measurement and the conceptual investigations of metaphysics usurped research into more practical measurement issues, while philosophers ceased altogether to engage with epistemological questions related to measurement. It is only in very recent times that signs of a revival of interest in measurement have emerged. In the twenty-first century there have been a number of publications and international conferences that testify to a growing interest in concrete measurement practices and the historical, experimental, material and social dimensions of measurement (Chang, 2004; Boumans, Hon, & Petersen, 2014; Tal, 2015; Schlaudt & Huber, 2015; Mssner & Nordmann, 2017; Mitchell, Tal, & Chang, 2017).

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