First published 1981 by Addison Wesley Longman Limited
Ninth impression 1998
Published 2013 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
Clive Trebilcock 1981
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
ISBN 13: 978-0-582-49120-5 (pbk)
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Trebilcock, Clive
The industrialization of the continental powers.
1. Europe Industries History
I. Title
338.094 HC240 79-41543
To my parents.
We are grateful to the following for permission to reproduce copyright material:
Cambridge University Press for an extract and five figures from Agrarian Policies and Industrialization by A. Gerschenkron from Cambridge Economic History of Europe, Vol. 6 edited by M.M. Postan and H.J. Habakkuk; The Economic History Association and the author, Dr. R. Fremdling, for eight figures from Railroads and German Economic Growth from the Journal of Economic History Vol. 37 No. 3 (September 1977); Harvard University Press for fourteen figures from French International Accounts by H.D. White published by Harvard University Press. Reprinted by permission of Harvard University Press; Oxford University Press (New York) for five extracts and eight figures from Banking and Economic Development edited by R.E. Cameron; Princeton University Press for a table of figures from An Economic History of Spain by Jaime Vincens Vives with the collaboration of George Nadal Oller translated by Frances M. Loez-Morillas, copyright 1969 by Princeton University Press. Reprinted by permission of Princeton University Press.
The author also wishes to express his gratitude to the following authors for their generous permission to quote from these unpublished Ph.D. dissertations:
M.K. Anafu, The Co-operative Movement in Reggio-Emilia, 18891914 (Cambridge, 1980).
P.W. Gattrell, Russian Heavy Industry and State Defence, 190818 (Cambridge, 1979).
C. Kent, Camille Cavallier and Pont Mousson: An Industrialist of the Third Republic (Oxford, 1972).
M.J.F.X. Soltys, Austrian Agriculture: Lower Austrian Estates and the Peasants, 175187 (Cambridge, 1978).
I am particularly indebted to Pam Mills, Helen Hatfield and Shirley Gilbey for converting my tiresome longhand into efficient typescript. And my special thanks is due to Pam Judd against whose caring hand and endless patience the process of checking and cross-referencing eventually capitulated. To my family goes the award for forbearance: they endured the pangs of composition with a stoicism that was mostly benevolent and always resourceful.