Rossana Castiglioni - The Politics of Social Policy Change in Chile and Uruguay: Retrenchment Versus Maintenance, 1973-1998

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LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES

SOCIAL SCIENCES AND LAW

Edited by

David Mares

University of California, San Diego

A ROUTLEDGE SERIES

LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES

DAVID MARES, General Editor

OBSERVING OUR HERMANOS DE ARMAS

U.S. Military Attachs in Guatemala, Cuba, and Bolivia, 19501964

Robert O. Kirkland

LAND PRIVATIZATION IN MEXICO

Urbanization, Formation of Regions, and Globalization in Ejidos

Mara Teresa Vzquez-Castillo

THE POLITICS OF THE INTERNET IN THIRD

WORLD DEVELOPMENT

Challenges in Contrasting Regimes, with Case Studies of Costa Rica and Cuba

Bert Hoffmann

CONTESTING THE IRON FIST

Advocacy Networks and Police Violence in Democratic Argentina and Chile

Claudio A. Fuentes

INSURGENCY, AUTHORITARIANISM, AND DRUG TRAFFICKING IN MEXICOS DEMOCRATIZATION

Jose Luis Velasco

LATIN AMERICAS NEO-REFORMATION

Religions Influence on Contemporary Politics

Eric Patterson

THE POLTICS OF SOCIAL POLICY CHANGE IN CHILE AND URUGUAY

Retrenchment Versus Maintenance, 19731998

Rossana Castiglioni

THE POLTICS OF SOCIAL POLICY
CHANGE IN CHILE AND URUGUAY

RETRENCHMENT VERSUS
MAINTENANCE, 19731998

Rossana Castiglioni

First published 2005 by Routledge

Published 2016 by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 2005 Taylor & Francis.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text.

ISBN: 9780415972871 (hbk)

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Castiglioni, Rossana, 1971-

The politics of social policy change in Chile and Uruguay : retrenchment versus maintenance, 1973-1998 / Rossana Castiglioni.

p. cm. -- (Latin American studies : social sciences and law)

Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index.

ISBN: 978-0-415-97287-1 (hardback : alk. paper)

1. Chile--Social policy. 2. Uruguay--Social policy. 3. Chile--Politics and government--1973-1988. 4. Chile--Politics and government--1990-5. Uruguay--Politics and government-- 1973-1990. 6. Uruguay--Politics and government--1985- I. Title. II. Series: Latin American studies (Routledge (Firm))

HN293.5.C377 2005

361.98309045--dc22

2005019542

A Davo y Naomi, mis dos amoves

Contents

Chapter 1
Introduction: Research Problem, Theory, and Methods

Chapter 2
Social Policy Retrenchment Under Military Rule in Chile, 19731990

Chapter 3
The Uruguayan Social Policy Continuity Under Military Rule, 19731985

Chapter 4
Contrasting Social Policy Outcomes: The Case of Democratic Uruguay, 19851998

Chapter 5
The Unchallenged System, Social Policy Continuity in Democratic Chile, 19901998

Chapter 6
Conclusions

Distribution of Affiliations to Public and Private Pension Funds in Chile: 19811990

Percentage of the Population Covered by ISAPREs in Chile: 19811990

Percentage of the Mandatory Contributions Collected by ISAPREs in Chile: 19821990

Expenditures in Pensions, Health Care, and Education as a Percentage of GDP in Chile: 19761990

GDP Growth in Chile: 19761990

Distribution of Student Enrollment by Type of Educational Center in Chile: 19811990

Expenditures in Pensions as a Percentage of GDP by Pension Fund in Uruguay: 19731985

GDP Growth in Uruguay: 19731985

Expenditures in Health Care as a Percentage of GDP in Uruguay: 19741985

Expenditures in Education as a Percentage of GDP in Uruguay: 19741985

Expenditures in Pensions as a Percentage of GDP in Uruguay: 19741985

Expenditures in Health Care as a Percentage of GDP in Uruguay: 19851998

Expenditures in Education as a Percentage of GDP in Uruguay: 19851998

Distribution of Contributors to Public and Private Pension Funds in Chile: 19901997

Percentage of the Population Covered by ISAPREs in Chile: 19901998

Percentage of the Mandatory Contributions Collected by ISAPREs in Chile: 19901998

Distribution of Student Enrollment by Type of Educational Center in Chile: 19901997

Expenditures in Pensions, Health Care, and Education as a Percentage of GDP in Chile: 19901998

AFAP	Administrator of Pensions Savings Funds
AFP	Administrator of Pension Funds
AI	Institutional Act
ANEP	National Administration of Public Education
ASSE	State Health Services Administration
ATD	Teachers Technical Assemblies
BPS	Social Security Bank
CM	College of Physicians
CODICEN	Central Directive Council of Education
CONAE	National Council of Education
CP	College of Schoolteachers
CUT	Unitary Workers Central
GDP	Gross Domestic Product
DGSS	General Direction of Social Security
DISSE	Sickness Social Insurance direction
ECLAC	Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
EP/FA	Progressive Encounter/Broad Front
ESMACO	Joint High Command of the Armed Forces
FEMI	Federation of Physicians from the Countryside
FENATS	National Federation of Health Workers
FNR	National Resources Fund
FONASA	National Health Fund
FUM	Uruguayan Federation of Schoolteachers
IADB	Inter-American Development Bank
IAMC	Institutions of Collective Medical Assistance
IDI	Independent Democratic Left
IMAE	Highly Specialized Medical Centers
INP	Institute of Pension Fund Normalization
ISAPRE	Health Insurance Funds
JCJ	Junta of Commanders-in-Chief
JOOGG	Junta of General Officers
MNR	National Movement of Rocha
MPP	Popular Participation Movement
NGO	Non-Governmental Organization
ODEPLAN	National Planning Office

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