Conan Fischer - Stormtroopers: A Social, Economic and Ideological Analysis 1929-35

ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS:
NAZI GERMANY AND THE HOLOCAUST

Volume 2

STORMTROOPERS

STORMTROOPERS

A Social, Economic and Ideological Analysis, 192935

CONAN FISCHER

First published in 1983

This edition first published in 2015
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

1983 Conan Fischer

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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-138-79664-5 (Set)
eISBN: 978-1-315-75774-2 (Set)
ISBN: 978-1-138-79443-6 (Volume 2)
eISBN: 978-1-315-75919-7 (Volume 2)

Publishers Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.

Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and would welcome correspondence from those they have been unable to trace.

Stormtroopers

A Social, Economic and Ideological Analysis, 192935

CONAN FISCHER

London

GEORGE ALLEN & UNWIN

Boston Sydney

Conan Fischer, 1983.
This book is copyright under the Berne Convention. No reproduction without permission. All rights reserved.

George Allen & Unwin (Publishers) Ltd,
40 Museum Street, London WC1A 1LU, UK

George Allen & Unwin (Publishers) Ltd,
Park Lane, Hemel Hempstead, Hens HP2 4TE, UK

Allen & Unwin, Inc.,
9 Winchester Terrace, Winchester, Mass. 01890, USA

George Allen & Unwin Australia Pty Ltd,
8 Napier Street, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia

First published in 1983

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Fischer, Conan
Stormtroopers.
1. Nationalsozialistische. Deutsche Arbeiter-Partei. Sturmabteillung
History
I. Title
943.085 D253.7
ISBN 0-04-943028-9

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Fischer, Conan.

Stormtroopers, a social, economic, and ideological analysis, 192935.

Bibliography: p.

Includes index.

1. Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiter-Partei. Sturmabteilung.

2. Germany Politics and government 19181933. 3. Germany

Politics and government 19331945. I. Title.

DD253.7.F57 1983 943.085 83-2550

ISBN 0-04-943028-9

Set in 10 on 11 point Plantin by Computape (Pickering) Ltd,

North Yorkshire
and printed in Great Britain
by Mackays of Chatham

I am deeply indebted to many friends, colleagues and institutions for their encouragement, advice and assistance during the preparation of this book. Professor Volker Berghahn, Professor Francis Carsten, Mr Ian Connor, Professor Klaus Hildebrand, Dr Klaus-Peter Hoepke, Professor Peter Httenberger, Professor Michael Kater, Dr Lothar Kettenacker, Dr Hsi-Huey Liang, Dr Tim Mason, Dr Jeremy Noakes and Dr Peter Stachura very kindly provided assistance and advice during an earlier stage of my researches. Dr Ingrid Buchloh supplied me with detailed information on the Nazi movement in Duisburg and Dr Lawrence Stokes provided extremely informative material concerning the SA in the town of Eutin, Holstein. Professor John Rhl, Mr Anthony Nicholls and Dr Richard Bessel offered particularly useful advice on an earlier draft of this work. Dr Ian Kershaw, Dr David French and Dr Bill Knox have advised and assisted me in numerous ways over the past few years. The present script was read painstakingly by Dr Jill Stephenson to whom I am grateful for her many helpful suggestions. My especial thanks are due to my doctoral supervisor, Dr Hartmut Pogge von Strandmann who has provided help and encouragement from the outset and given invaluable advice on the present script.

The staff of the archives and libraries visited were most helpful and sometimes took a great deal of time and trouble in giving invaluable guidance. As well as scholars and archivists, many other people helped towards this book in a variety of ways. Among these was Captain (ret.) Walther Stennes who kindly allowed me a very informative interview concerning his period as commander of the eastern German SA. I am indebted to the SSRC, the former Anglo-German Group of Historians (now part of the German Historical Institute, London), the Volkswagen Foundation, the German Academic Exchange Service and the British Academy for funding my extended stays in Germany while conducting research on the SA.

My greatest thanks go to my wife for tolerating the intrusion of Hitlers stormtroopers into her home over several years. She has provided advice and encouragement far beyond the call of duty.

Of course any shortcomings contained within this book remain my responsibility alone.

Edinburgh

ADGB Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund

AG Aktiengesellschaft

BA Bundesarchiv Koblenz

BDC Berlin Document Center

Bez Bezirk

BHStA Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Mnchen

BL Bezirksleitung (KPD)

BMW Bayerische Motorenwerke

BVP Bayerische Volkspartei

DAF Deutsche Arbeitsfront

DNVP Deutschnationale Volkspartei

EKKI Exekutivkomitee der Kommunistischen International

Ge Geheime Staatspolizei (Gestapo)

GLAK Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe

Gr Gruppe (SA)

GStABD Geheimstaatsarchiv Berlin-Dahlem

GStAM Geheimes Staatsarchiv Mnchen

HHW Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden

HJ Hitler Jugend

IfZ Institut fr Zeitgeschichte

KJMV Katholischer Jungmnner-Verein

KPD Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands

LAS Landesarchiv Speyer

NHStA Niederschsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv

NS National Socialist/nationalsozialistisch

NSBO Nationalsozialistische Betriebszellen-Organisation

NSDAP Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei

NSDFB Nationalsozialistischer Deutscher Frontkmpferbund

NSV Nationalsozialistischer Volkswohlfahrt

NWHStA Nordrhein-Westflisches Hauptstaatsarchiv

OG Ortsgruppe (NSDAP)

OGL Ortsgruppenleiter (NSDAP)

OSAF Oberster SA-Fhrer/Oberste SA-Fhrung

Pf Pfennig(e)

Pg Parteigenosse (NSDAP)

PND Polizei-Nachrichtendienst

PO Politische Organisation (NSDAP)

RF Roifrontkmpferbund

RGO Revolutionre Gewerkschaftsopposition

RM Reichsmark (RM 1 equalled Is sterling in 1933)

RW Reichswehr

SA Sturmabteilung

SAA SA-Anwrter

SAG Staatliches Archivlager in Gttingen

SAM SA-Mann

SAR SA-Reserve

SB Staatsarchiv Bremen