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Phillip S. Meilinger - Thoughts on War

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War is changing. Unlike when modern military doctrine was forged, the United States no longer mobilizes massive land forces for direct political gain. Instead, the US fights small, overseas wars by global mandate to overthrow dictators, destroy terrorist groups, and broker regional peace. These conflicts hardly resemble the total wars fought and expected by foundational military theorists such as Carl von Clausewitz, yet their paradigms are ingrained in modern thinking. The twenty-first-centurys new geopolitical situation demands new principles for warfaredeemphasizing decisive land victory in favor of airpower, intelligence systems, and indigenous ground forces.

In Thoughts on War, Phillip S. Meilinger confronts the shortcomings of US military dogma in search of a new strategic doctrine. Inter-service rivalries and conventional theories failed the US in lengthy Korea, Vietnam, and Middle East conflicts. Jettisoning traditional perspectives and their focus on decisive battles, Meilinger revisits historical campaigns looking for answers to more persistent challengeshow to coordinate forces, manipulate time, and fight on two fronts. This provocative collection of new and expanded essays offers a fresh, if controversial, perspective on time-honored military values, one which encourages a critical revision of US military strategy.

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Thoughts on War Thoughts on War Phillip S Meilinger Copyright 2020 by - photo 1
Thoughts on War
Thoughts on War
Phillip S. Meilinger
Copyright 2020 by The University Press of Kentucky Scholarly publisher for the - photo 2
Copyright 2020 by The University Press of Kentucky
Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth, serving Bellarmine University, Berea College, Centre College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University, The Filson Historical Society, Georgetown College, Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University, Morehead State University, Murray State University, Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University, University of Kentucky, University of Louisville, and Western Kentucky University.
All rights reserved.
Editorial and Sales Offices: The University Press of Kentucky
663 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 405084008
www.kentuckypress.com
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Meilinger, Phillip S., 1948- author.
Title: Thoughts on war / Phillip S. Meilinger.
Description: Lexington, Kentucky : University Press of Kentucky, [2019] | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019049818 | ISBN 9780813178899 (hardcover) | ISBN 9780813178912 (pdf) | ISBN 9780813178929 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: War--History. | Military history, Modern. | United States--History, Military. | United States--History, Military--21st century.
Classification: LCC U21.2 .M45 2019 | DDC 355.02--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019049818
This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting the requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence in Paper for Printed Library Materials.
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Manufactured in the United States of America
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Member of the Association
of University Presses
To Marc, Dianna and Rod, Phil and Monica,
Erin and Samantha, and Rebecca
Contents
Abbreviations
AAA
Antiaircraft Artillery
AAF
(US) Army Air Forces
ACTS
Air Corps Tactical School
AFB
Air Force Base
BBSU
British Bombing Survey Unit
C2
Command and Control
CCS
Combined Chiefs of Staff
CENTCOM
(US) Central Command
COA
Committee of Operations Analysts
DRV
Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North)
EOU
Enemy Objectives Unit
GAO
Government Accountability Office
GPS
Global Positioning System
HMSO
His/Her Majestys Stationery Office
IBC
Iraq Body Count
ISIS
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
JCS
Joint Chiefs of Staff
JDAM
Joint Direct Attack Munition
MEW
Ministry of Economic Warfare
OEF
Operation Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan)
OIF
Operation Iraqi Freedom
OODA (Loop)
Observe, Orient, Decide, Act
OR
Operations Research
PGM
Precision Guided Munition
RAF
Royal Air Force
SAC
Strategic Air Command
SAM
Surface to Air Missile
SOF
Special Operations Forces
UAV
Unmanned Air Vehicle
USSBS
United States Strategic Bombing Survey
USSTAF
United States Strategic Air Forces
WMD
Weapons of Mass Destruction
Introduction
ALTHOUGH MOST OF MY publications have concerned aviation theory, doctrine, and practice, the bulk of my academic career was spent teaching the broader area of military history. This forced me to see airpower in context over time and place, and also led me to issues I ordinarily might have missed, such as the definition of decisive victories or the nature and purpose of second front operations. I wrote and published a number of essays dealing with war over the centuries. In most cases, time and space constraints limited my ability to fully explore a subject; the papers in this collection therefore tend to be longer, more detailed, and better sourced than accounts formerly published. Other essays have not been printed previously.
Putting these essays together, a pattern became apparent. Starting with the Napoleonic wars, a mind-set took root that such wars and strategies were the harbingers of the future. The Prussian soldier and theorist Carl von Clausewitz participated in those wars and drew from them overarching and, to him, timeless lessons. In my view, the result was unfortunate. Clausewitz emphasized the necessity of decisive and usually bloody battles to defeat an enemy. He wrote mostly of wars he termed absolute and, though mentioning lesser types of war, his focus was on major conflicts that utilized the full resources of the stateand it was the state that interested him, not nonstate actors or guerrillas.
PostWorld War II, wars involving massive land forces reliant on major battles have become less relevant to our geopolitical situation. The essays that follow dealing with principles of war, decisiveness, the importance of culture on strategy, timing, various campaigns throughout history, and others all convinced me that warfare is fundamentally changing. This should not be surprising. Over the past two millennia warfare has been cyclical in naturelimited wars gave way to more total wars that in turn led back to a cooling-off period of more limited conflict. We in the West are now in a period when our national interests are seldom at stake; instead, we fight to overthrow inhumane dictators, reverse aggression, and, to be honest, to shape the world so that it more clearly represents our ideals and interests.
In a world dominated by wars of choice rather than necessity, it is essential for the United States to maintain popular support both at home and abroad. This in turn requires lowering risks and costsboth monetary and humanto achieve the compassionate goals of our interventions. Experience over the past several decades has shown that a large commitment of conventional land forces involves high risk and high cost, which makes it increasingly difficult to achieve our goals while simultaneously holding the support of the people. The wars in Korea and Vietnam were omens, and the seemingly endless conflicts in the Middle East have shown that another method of using force must be discovered. The old model, stretching back to the sanguinary engagements urged by Clausewitz, is no longer viable.
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