Migration, Settlement and Belonging in Europe, 15001930s
International Studies in Social History
General Editor: Marcel van der Linden,
International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam
Volume 1
Trade Unions, Immigration and Immigrants in Europe 19601993
Edited by Rinus Penninx and Judith Roosblad
Volume 2
Class and Other Identities
Edited by Lex Heerma van Voss and Marcel van der Linden
Volume 3
Rebellious Families
Edited by Jan Kok
Volume 4
Experiencing Wages
Edited by Peter Scholliers and Leonard Schwarz
Volume 5
The Imaginary Revolution
Michael Seidman
Volume 6
Revolution and Counterrevolution
Kevin Murphy
Volume 7
Miners and the State in the Ottoman Empire
Donald Quataert
Volume 8
Anarchism, Revolution and Reaction
Angel Smith
Volume 9
Sugarlandia Revisited
Edited by Ulbe Bosma, Juan Giusti-Cordero and G. Roger Knight
Volume 10
Alternative Exchanges
Edited by Laurence Fontaine
Volume 11
A Social History of Spanish Labour
Edited by Jos Piqueras and Vicent Sanz-Rozaln
Volume 12
Learning on the Shop Floor
Edited by Bert De Munck, Steven L. Kaplan and Hugo Soly
Volume 13
Unruly Masses
Wolfgang Maderthaner and Lutz Musner
Volume 14
Central European Crossroads
Pieter C. van Duin
Volume 15
Supervision and Authority in Industry
Edited by Patricia Van den Eeckhout
Volume 16
Forging Political Identity
Keith Mann
Volume 17
Gendered Money
Pernilla Jonsson and Silke Neunsinger
Volume 18
Postcolonial Migrants and Identity Politics
Edited by Ulbe Bosma, Jan Lucassen and Gert Oostindie
Volume 19
Charismatic Leadership and Social Movements
Edited by Jan Willem Stutje
Volume 20
Maternalism Reconsidered
Edited by Marian van der Klein, Rebecca Jo Plant, Nichole Sanders and Lori R. Weintrob
Volume 21
Routes into the Abyss
Edited by Helmut Konrad and Wolfgang Maderthaner
Volume 22
Alienating Labour
Eszter Bartha
Volume 23
Migration, Settlement and Belonging in Europe, 15001930s
Edited by Steven King and Anne Winter
Volume 24
Bondage
Alessandro Stanziani
Volume 25
Bread from the Lions Mouth
Edited by Suraiya Faroqhi
Volume 26
The History of Labour Intermediation
Edited by Sigrid Wadauer, Thomas Buchner and Alexander Mejstrik
Volume 27
Rescuing the Vulnerable
Edited by Beate Althammer, Lutz Raphael and Tamara Stazic-Wendt
Migration, Settlement and Belonging in Europe, 15001930s
Comparative Perspectives
Edited by
Steven King
and
Anne Winter
Published in 2013 by
Berghahn Books
www.berghahnbooks.com
2013, 2016 Steven King and Anne Winter
First paperback edition published in 2016
All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission of the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Migration, settlement and belonging in Europe, 1500-1930s : comparative perspectives / edited by Steven King and Anne Winter.
pages cm. (International studies in social history ; 23)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-78238-145-7 (hardback) ISBN 978-1-78533-218-0 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-78238-146-4 (ebook)
1. EuropeEmigration and immigrationHistory. 2. Emigration and immigrationSocial aspectsEurope. 3. ImmigrantsEuropeHistory. 4. Assimilation (Sociology)Europe. 5. Identity (Psychology)Europe. I. King, Steven, 1966 II. Winter, Anne, Ph. D.
JV7590.M528 2013
305.9069120940903dc23
2013015472
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 978-1-78238-145-7 hardback
ISBN: 978-1-78533-218-0 paperback
ISBN: 978-1-78238-146-4 ebook
C ONTENTS
Joanna Innes, Steven King and Anne Winter
David Feldman
Jeremy Boulton
Steven King
Jane Humphries
Elizabeth Hurren
Anne-Lise Head-Knig
Marco H. D. van Leeuwen
Thijs Lambrecht
Anne Winter
Andreas Gestrich
Paul-Andr Rosental
I LLUSTRATIONS
Figures
Tables
I NTRODUCTION
S ETTLEMENT AND B ELONGING IN E UROPE , 15001930s
Structures, Negotiations and Experiences
Joanna Innes, Steven King and Anne Winter
The issues of who belonged to a community, how belonging was claimed and maintained and how it was lost were key concerns of everyday life for Europeans in the period from the 1500s (when life-cycle migration began to intensify) to the 1900s (when national welfare states began to create definitive entitlements usually unrelated to migratory or residence status).
Yet, to many contemporaries paupers, the labouring poor, officials, lawyers and politicians the answers to the dual questions who belonged and who had settlement were opaque. Normative definitions of settlement or citizenship enshrined in black letter law across Europe usually proved imperfect for our period, especially in light of increasing inter-state mobility from the nineteenth century. In practice, a combination of local law and bye-law, custom, the judgement of manorial and lordship courts, lineage, and the impact of short-term crises such as war and harvest failure coalesced in often unpredictable ways such that the status of
The problem of defining belonging was clearly a constant across the period covered by this volume, a reflection of large-scale personal mobility. Indeed, the English and Welsh Old Poor Law and its associated settlement laws, the archetype of a national social welfare system, was probably codified in the seventeenth century precisely because widespread migration for economic betterment meant that who belonged (and therefore who had rights to relief at times of economic stress) became an unanswerable question. Those out of their place, largely in urban areas which were in turn forced to provide relief for rural migrants, threatened the