Map illustrations by Jeffrey L. Ward
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Happy is the man who has learned the causes of things.
CHRONOLOGY
D ECEMBER 31, 1880 George Marshall is born in Uniontown, Pennsylvania.
O CTOBER 14, 1890 Dwight Eisenhower is born in Denison, Texas.
S EPTEMBER 1897 George Marshall enters the Virginia Military Institute.
F EBRUARY 1902 George Marshall is commissioned an officer in the U.S. Army.
M AY 1902 Marshall serves as an officer in the Philippines.
A UGUST 1906 Marshall attends the Army Staff College at Fort Leavenworth.
J UNE 14, 1911 Eisenhower enters the U.S. Military Academy at West Point.
J UNE 12, 1915 Eisenhower graduates from the U.S. Military Academy.
J ULY 1, 1916 Eisenhower marries Mamie Geneva Doud.
S EPTEMBER 13, 1915 Eisenhower serves as a second lieutenant with the 19th Infantry in Texas.
J UNE 1917 Marshall serves in the 1st Division in France.
J ULY 1917 Marshall is promoted to captain.
J ULY 1918 Marshall is appointed assistant chief of staff for operations of the American Expeditionary Force and meets Fox Conner.
N OVEMBER 1918 Dwight Eisenhower serves as a tank instructor at Fort Meade.
M AY 1919 Marshall is named aide-de-camp to General John J. Pershing.
A UGUST 1924 Marshall serves as executive officer of the 15th Infantry in Tientsin, China.
A UGUST 1927 Eisenhower attends the Army War College at Fort Leavenworth.
A UGUST 1927 Elizabeth Coles Marshall dies.
S EPTEMBER 1927 Marshall serves as an instructor at the Army War College.
N OVEMBER 1927 Marshall is assistant commander of the Infantry School at Fort Benning.
O CTOBER 1930 Marshall marries Katherine Tupper Brown.
J ULY 1933 Marshall serves as commanding officer of District I of the Civilian Conservation Corps.
J ULY 1938 Marshall is named assistant chief of staff of the U.S. Army and is head of the War Departments War Plans Division.
J ULY 1939 Marshall is named acting chief of staff, U.S. Army.
S EPTEMBER 1, 1939 Marshall is sworn in as the chief of staff of the U.S. Army; that evening, Germany invades Poland. World War II begins.
F EBRUARY 1940 Eisenhower is chief of staff of the 3rd Division in San Antonio.
D ECEMBER 18, 1941 Eisenhower is called by Bedell Smith and is assigned to the Office of the Chief of Staff, War Plans Division, Washington, D.C.
D ECEMBER 1941 Arcadia Conference is held in Washington.
F EBRUARY 16, 1942 Dwight Eisenhower is promoted to head of the War Plans Division.
M ARCH 16, 1942 Eisenhower memo on the strategy for the war is adopted by George Marshall.
M ARCH 23, 1942 Eisenhower is named assistant chief of staff of the Operations Division by Marshall.
J UNE 24, 1942 Dwight Eisenhower is named commander of the European theater of operations.
J ULY 7, 1942 Eisenhower is promoted to lieutenant general and shortly thereafter begins planning for Operation Torch.
N OVEMBER 8, 1942 Operation Torch: U.S. and British forces land in North Africa.
J ANUARY 1423, 1943 Marshall and Eisenhower attend the Casablanca Conference.
F EBRUARY 19, 1942 U.S. forces are defeated by Rommel at the Battle of Kasserine Pass.
M ARCH 2, 1943 German forces begin their withdrawal from Tunisia.
M ARCH 1943 Lloyd Fredendall is succeeded by George Patton.
M ARCH 16, 1943 The Battle of El Guettar, Patton defeats Rommel.
M AY 1, 1943 The Battle of Hill 609 ends the North Africa campaign.
M AY 1225, 1943 Trident Conference in Washington, D.C.
J ULY 910, 1943 Operation Husky: The U.S. and its allies invade Sicily.
J ULY 25, 1943 The fascist Italian government is overthrown.
A UGUST 10, 1943 George Patton slaps a soldier in Sicily.
A UGUST 17, 1943 Pattons troops enter Messina in Sicily.
A UGUST 1943 Quadrant Conference in Quebec.
S EPTEMBER 9, 1943 Operation Avalanche: Allies invade Italy at Salerno.
S EPTEMBER 11, 1943 Germans occupy Rome.
S EPTEMBER 17, 1943 Dwight Eisenhower confers with Mark Clark at Salerno.
N OVEMBER 1943 George Patton is reprimanded by Eisenhower.
N OVEMBER 17, 1943 Eisenhower-Churchill meeting at Malta.
N OVEMBER 19, 1943 Marshall, Churchill, Roosevelt, and Eisenhower meet in Tunis for a full briefing on the war.
N OVEMBER 23, 1943 Sextant I meeting in Cairo.
N OVEMBER 28, 1943 Eureka Conference in Tehran; Roosevelt, Churchill, meet with Stalin.
D ECEMBER 7, 1943 Roosevelt informs Eisenhower of his command of Overlord.
J ANUARY 2, 1944 Dwight Eisenhower confers with George Marshall in Washington.
J ANUARY 13, 1944 Eisenhower returns to England.