Jane Goodall - In the Shadow of Man

IN THE SHADOW

OF MAN

by Jane van Lawick-Goodall

Photographs by Hugo van Lawick

Copyright 1971

To Vanne, Louis, Hugo

and in memory of David Graybeard

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I should have been unable to study chimpanzees or write this book without the help and encouragement of a great many people, nnd I should like to express, however inadequately, my most profound thanks to all of them. First, of course, my gratitude lies with Dr. L. S. B. Leakey. It was he who originally suggested that I should study chimpanzees, he who found money to finance my early field work, and he who arranged for me to write up my results for a Ph.D. dissertation at Cambridge University. Lastbut by no means leastit was through Louis's recommendation that Hugo came to photograph the chimpanzees.

I am tremendously grateful to the Tanzania government, its President, Mwalimu Julius Nyerere, and many of its officials for permitting us to conduct our research in the Gombe Stream area, nnd for giving us at all times help and assistance. I was initially helped by the Head and officials of the Tanzania Game Department, and I am particularly grateful to David Anstey, who assisted my mother and me when we first set up camp, and to the African Game Scouts Adolf, Saulo David, and Marcel, who were stationed in the Gombe Stream when the area was a game reserve. More recently, since the Gombe became a national park, we have received cooperation and assistance from Dr. John Owen, former Director of Tanzania National Parks, and his successor, Mr. S. ole Saibul. My thanks are due also to other members of the national parks staff, especially to Mr. J. Stevenson, Director of the Southern National Parks, and to the African Game Rangers stationed in the park.

My thanks are due also to government officials and many friends in Kigoma who throughout the years have done so much to help our research, as well as to give us personal assistance in countless ways.

I am very much indebted to Mr. Leighton Wilkie, who granted the funds that enabled me to venture forth on my field work in 1960 and who has, more recently, granted a further donation to our work. My gratitude to the National Geographic Society is sincere and of the greatest magnitude. The Society took over the financing of my research in 1961, supported the entire project at Gombe until 1968, and is continuing to make a major annual contribution today. In particular I should like to express my deepest thanks to Dr. Melville Bell Grosvenor, President and Editor from 1957 to 1967, to Dr. Melvin M. Payne, his successor as President, and to Dr. Leonard Carmichael, Chairman of the Research Committee, for their long-standing encouragement and support. I thank, too, the other members of the Board, and the staff and members of the Society, especially Mr. Robert Gilka, Miss Joanne Hess, Miss Mary Griswold, and Mr. Dave Boyer, who have gone out of their way to help us on many occasions.

In 1969 we received a substantial grant from the Science Research Council of Great Britain, and more recently we have received further financial support from the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, the World Wildlife Fund, the East African Wildlife Society, and the L. S. B. Leakey Foundation. To these organizations, as well as to a number of private individuals who have made contributions to our research from time to time, I express our deep gratitude. Finally, I should like to convey my most sincere appreciation and thanks to the Grant Foundation of New York, which, as this book goes to press, has just given us a most generous sum of money; this, spread over the next three years,will enable us to make firm plans in advance for the continuity of the various facets of our research.

My profound thanks are due to Professor Robert Hinde of the Sub-Department of Animal Behaviour, Cambridge University, who not only supervised the analysis and writing up of results for my doctoral degree but who has been instrumental in obtaining some funds for the research and devoted much time and effort to helping us in other ways. I am also deeply grateful for the help give to us by Professor David Hamburg of the Stanford University School of Medicine. It is due to his efforts that our research center has now become affiliated with Stanford University, and I am planning many future projects in close collaboration with him. He has also been active in enabling us to acquire substantial grants for our research. Both Robert Hinde and Dave Hamburg kindly agreed to become scientific advisers to our research program. I am very appreciative, also, of the keen interest in our work and encouragement shown by Professor A. S. Msangi, Dean of the Faculty of Science of the University College of Dar es Salaam.

It is difficult to find adequate words to thank Hugo for all that he has done for me and for the research. He has built up a magnificent collection of photographs and a unique documentary film record of chimpanzee behavior, and it is to a large extent due to his constant help, administrative ability, and persistence that the Combe Stream Research Centre was formed and is flourishing today. I am sure I could never have embarked on such a project on my own. Hugo's patience and understanding of both his chimpanzee subjects and his wife are remarkable. I must try also to thank my mother for all that she has done for me throughout the years, most particularly for her courage and cheerfulness during the early months when she shared with me the most primitive of living conditions. On many occasions, too, her advice and suggestions have proved invaluable. I am indebted to both my mother und to Hugo for the many valuable comments and criticisms they made when I was writing this book.

There are many people who have directly or indirecdy made contributions to our research and helped us personally, and it is not possible to mention them all by name. I should, however, like to thank Dr. Bernard Verdcourt of Kew Botanical Gardens, who initially drove me to the Gombe Stream and later identified many food plants, and to Dr. Gillet of the East African Herbarium, who also identified plant specimens. My thanks are due also to the Pfizer Laboratories, which so generously supplied us with complimentary polio vaccine during the terrible epidemic at the Gombe Stream. I am also extremely grateful to Professor Douglas Roy, Drs. Anthony and Sue Harthoorn and Dr. Bradley Nelson, all of whom assisted in the tranquilization and operation on the chimpanzee Gilka. I am grateful to Mr. M. J. Richmond and Miss Dan, who have helped us with a great deal of general administration in Nairobi, and to George Dove, who has given us valuable assistance and advice on many occasions.

Next I should like to express my most sincere thanks to all the African staff and helpers who have done so much, throughout the years, to make our work easier and our life more pleasant. Particularly my thanks are due to Hassan and Dominic, Rashidi, Soko, Wilbert, and Short, who during the early years were at times my only companions in the bush. I thank also the many others: Sadiki, Ramadthani, Juma, Mpofu, Hilali, Jumanne, Kasim Ra-madhani, Kasim Selemani, Yahaya, Aporual, Habibu, Alfonse, and Adreano. I should also like to express our gratitude to Iddi Matata and Mbrisho for the courtesy they have always shown us and the way in which they have made us feel welcome in their country. Perhaps this is the place also to thank Mucharia and Moro, who helped me so much by looking after my son while I was working on this book.

My thanks are due to Kris Pirozynski, who looked after our; camp in the early days and to my sister Judy, who took some of the earliest photographs of chimpanzees in the wild. I am grateful, too, to Nicholas and Margaret Pickford, who worked at the center for a year as administrators, and to Baron and Baroness Godert and Bobbie van Lawick-de Marchant et d'Ansembourg, who also helped us in this capacity for three months.