Mosby's Medical Dictionary
TENTH EDITION
Illustrated in full color throughout With over 2450 illustrations
Table of Contents
American Sign Language and Communications
Editor
Marie T. OToole, EdD, RN, FAAN , Senior Associate Dean & Professor, School of NursingCamden, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey
EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Charles R.B. Beckmann, MD, MHPE , Former Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Anne Brittain, PhD RT(R)(M)(QM), CPHQ, FASRT , Performance Improvement Project Manager, Department of Corporate Quality, Palmetto Health, Columbia, South Carolina
Boyd H. Davis, PhD , Professor, Applied Linguistics/English, University of North CarolinaCharlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
Melodie Hull, RPN, MSC, MEd
Nursing Faculty, Bachelor of Science in Nursing Program, College of the Rockies, Cranbrook, British Columbia, Canada
Open Learning FacultyNursing, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
Florence Lambolez, PhD , Instructor, Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California
Janice Neil, PhD, RN, CNE , Associate Professor, Department of Undergraduate Nursing Science, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
Jane Clifford OBrien, PhD, OTR/L, FAOTA , Professor, Occupational Therapy, University of New England, Portland, Maine
Marcel Pop, PhD , Director, Directorate of International Relations, Semmelweis UniversityBudapest, Hungary
Raymond Scarpa, DNP, APN, C, AOCN
Advanced Practice Nurse, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck, University Hospital, Newark, New Jersey
Adjunct Professor and Clinical Instructor, School of Nursing, Rutgers UniversityNewark, Newark, New Jersey
Allan Schwartz, DDS, CRNA
Staff CRNA, Anesthesiology, St. Louis University Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
Assistant Clinical Professor, Periodontics, Center for Advanced Dental Education at St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
Rachel Spiering, PhD , Practitioner, Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California
CONSULTANTS
Donna Adkins, PharmD, CGP, FASCP , Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Appalachian College of Pharmacy, Oakwood, Virginia
Kassem Taha Al Sara, MD , Doctor and Retired Terminologist, Global Arabic Program, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, World Health Organization, Cairo, Egypt
Margaret E. Barnes, RN, MSN , Assistant Professor, Division of Post-Licensure, Indiana Wesleyan University, Marion, Kentucky
Sarah Barnes, RN, DNP , Assistant Professor of Nursing, California State University, Sacramento, California
Juliana Basko-Plluska, MD
Dermatologist and Dermatopathologist, Derick Dermatology, Barrington, Illinois
Clinical Associate, Dermatology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
Anuj Bhardwaj, MS , Healthcare Program Manager, Curriculum and Instruction, Corinthian Colleges, Inc., Santa Ana, California
William O. Brant, MD, FACS, FECSM , Associate Professor, Surgery (Urology), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
Amanda Buckallew, PharmD , Pharmacist, Inpatient Pharmacy, Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
Karen Ann V. Cameron, PhD, OTD, MEd, OTR/L , Associate Professor of Occupational Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Alvernia University, Reading, Pennsylvania
Leslie Cantrell, BSDH, MSDH, PhD , Dental Hygiene Educational Consultant, Sheridan, Wyoming
Michele T. Cimino, MSN, RN
Clinical Education Coordinator, Education, Shriners Hospitals for ChildrenPhiladelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Adjunct Faculty, Nursing, Abington Dixon School of Nursing, Abington, Pennsylvania
Jamie Collins, RDH, CDA , Dental Assisting Instructor, Business Partnership Workforce Development, College of Western Idaho, Nampa, Idaho
Richard J. Crowell Jr. DPT , Physical Therapist, Haddonfield, New Jersey
Nancy Wilson Darland, RN, BC, MSN, CNS, APRN , Virginia Pennington Professor of Nursing, College of Applied and Natural Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana
Dominick DeMichele, MSEd, RT(R)(CT) , Assistant Professor, Health Professions/Radiologic Technology, Monroe Community College, Rochester, New York
Susan Denham, EdD, OTR/L, CHT , Professor/Department Chair, Occupational Therapy, Alabama State University, Montgomery, Alabama
Gautam J. Desai, DO, FACOFP , Professor, Primary Care Medicine, Kansas City University of Medicine & Biosciences, Kansas City, Missouri
Kathy J. Dusthimer, RN, MSN, FNP-BC , Professor , Nursing, Black Hawk College, Moline, Illinois
Tammie Ferguson, MSN , Assistant Professor, Nursing, Terra State Community College, Fremont, Ohio
Janet Fitts, RN, BSN, CEN, TNS, EMT-P , Training Officer, New Haven Ambulance District, New Haven, Missouri
Marnita Guinn, AASN, BSN, MSN, PhD , Dean of Associate Degree Nursing, Ranger College, Ranger, Texas
Sandra Hertkorn , Reimbursement Specialist, Company Owner, Physicians Billing, Coding, Compliance, Medical Information Systems, Carmichael, California
Alice Hildenbrand, RN, MSN, CNE , RN-BSN Program Chair, Nursing, Vincennes University, Vincennes, Indiana
Marjorie Meg Holloway, MS, RN, APRN , Instructor and Strand Leader, Medicine & Healthcare Strand, Blue Valley Center for Advanced Professional Studies, Overland Park, Kansas
Melissa Humfleet, EdS, MSN, RN , Instructor of Nursing, Caylor School of Nursing, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee
Kari Inda, PhD, OTR , Chairperson, Associate Professor, Occupational Therapy, Mount Mary University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Alireza Hamidian Jahromi, MD , Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana
Tamara Kear, PhD, RN, CNS, CNN , Assistant Professor of Nursing, College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania
Amy Lankford, RN, MSN , Wilkes Community College, Associate Degree Nursing, Wilkesboro, North Carolina
Amanda Lorinc, MD , Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
Chris Malik, BA, MFA , Editorial Consultant, Professional Editing Services, New York, New York
Laura Mallett, MSN , Nursing Instructor, Mary Grimes School of Nursing, Neosho County Community College, Chanute, Kansas
Nelly Mangarova, MD , Director of Academic Affairs, Heald College, Milpitas/San Jose, California
Dan McGuire, PhD , Professor and Chair, Department of Physical Sciences, Cameron University, Lawton, Oklahoma
Janis McMillan, RN, MSN, CNE , Nursing Faculty, Department of Nursing, Coconino Community College, Flagstaff, Arizona
Cheryl Miller, MBA, HCM, BSEd , Program Director/Assistant Professor, Department of Business/Computer Technology, Westmoreland County Community College, Youngwood, Pennsylvania
Anne Moscony, OTR/L, MA, CHT
Certified Hand Therapist, Rothman Institute, Egg Harbor Township,