Phil Burt - Strength and Conditioning for Cyclists

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This electronic edition published in 2018 by Bloomsbury Publishing Plc

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First published in Great Britain 2018

Copyright Phil Burt and Martin Evans, 2018

Photos Lucy Sharrett, 2018

Filler images Getty Images

Page 179 (top image) Alex Wright, Ten Eight Photography

Illustration pages , David Gardner

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CONTENTS

I NTRODUCTION

M any cycling training manuals fall far short of the mark when prescribing off the bike training routines. There are certainly proven performance gains to be had from off the bike conditioning for all cyclists but not in the simplistic way thats often presented.

The problem is that, with one-size-fits-all generic routines, crucial steps in laying the foundations of conditioning are ignored. If you imagine building your fitness as being analogous to building a house, without good foundations any further floors, no matter how well built, are always destined eventually to fail. This failure could be a lack of progress or potentially developing imbalances and injuries. Yes, if you go to the gym and start performing dead lifts and barbell squats, as commonly prescribed in many generic cycling-specific gym routines, youll probably make some apparent strength gains but, without the foundations thatll allow you to perform these movements safely and effectively, those gains are fundamentally compromised and flawed.

BUILDING A STABLE PYRAMID

Cycling fitness, and all conditioning, can be thought of as a pyramid. A pyramid is only stable if it has a broad base with your actual fitness on the bike as just the capstone on the top. At the bottom (Level 1) are general physical qualities. This broad base encompasses range of movement (ROM) and control through that range. For example, when you are lying on your back on the floor, how far can you raise your leg while keeping it straight? If youre unable to elevate it to 75 degrees, youre lacking range of movement through your hamstrings and hips. Now try lowering it. Can you do this under control, without the small of your back leaving the floor? If no, you lack control through the range you have. This in itself may not seem like a big deal but such limitations have major implications on your ability to perform lifts and even to perform movements associated with everyday life. Next (Level 2) are the physical qualities related to cycling but that are not necessarily developed on the bike. These could include maximal power, which you may have enhanced with work in the gym, or a range of motion that allows you to hold an aggressive time trial position. Finally, we come to the top of the pyramid (Level 3) and the cycling-specific fitness that you develop on the bike. Unfortunately, for a huge number of cyclists, including, until fairly recently, top-level elite riders, the capstone was all they really focused on, with little regard for the crucial layers below. Miss or neglect the steps that will develop these foundations, or just ride your bike, and no matter how fast you can cycle, your pyramid is unstable and destined to topple.

Poor form, as demonstrated in these squats, mean that any gains are fundamentally compromised and flawed.

Maximal power, which can transfer to your cycling performance, can be enhanced with gym work.

Another way to think of this is in terms of moderators versus mediators. Moderating factors, such as good strength, optimal range of movement and high levels of adaptability, form that strong stable base of your pyramid. Mediating factors are issues that can lead to injury, breakdown or poor adaptation. Prior injury history or a narrow training focus can be thought of as mediating factors. The interaction between moderators and mediators determines how an athlete will respond to a given training stimulus or block of training. Traditionally, the approach to trying to predict this outcome has been extremely reductionist but, in both studies and when working with athletes, this just doesnt work. An example of this is hamstring tightness, which was viewed as a predictor for injury. Unfortunately, it just doesnt correlate and its possible to have extremely tight but also very strong hamstrings. The reason this reductionist approach doesnt work is that human beings are extremely complex systems. Even with incredible amounts of data and the most powerful supercomputers, were unable to reliably predict the weather more than a couple of days ahead, so how can we even consider trying to apply one-size-fits-all predictions to the equally complex human body? There are just too many moderators and mediators interacting and impacting on the final result of any intervention.

Everyone is different and we like to talk about riders in terms of micro-adjusters and macro-absorbers. Micro-adjusters are those riders who are extremely sensitive to change, can easily slip into a state of maladaptation and are more prone to injury. An example of this type of rider is Ben Swift hell notice the smallest change in his bike set-up and has had to work extremely hard on his off the bike conditioning to improve his resilience. At the extreme macro-absorber end of the spectrum is Geraint Thomas. You can throw the kitchen sink at him in training and hes just able to soak it up. Put him on someone elses bike during a Grand Tour stage and even if the set-up is significantly different to his, he can ride it and hardly notice. At school, there was probably a child you may have been lucky and it was you who was just naturally good at everything. They would be a macro-absorber.