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J. Whitfield Gibbons - Poisonous plants and venomous animals of Alabama and adjoining states

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Wisteria, mistletoe, oleander, milkweed, narcissus, yellow Jessamine, wild hydrangea, trillium, all are plants easily recognized by most people. But these and more that 200 other plants in Alabama and the Southeast can cause systemic poisoning if ingested by human beings and livestock. This book describes these poisonous plants, including various mushrooms, and discusses the toxic properties, symptoms of poisoning, habitat occurrence, and geographic distribution. One chapter describes plants that cause dermatitis or other allergic reactions-plants including poison ivy, poison sumac, ragweed, clematis, and red maple. Other chapters of the book discuss venous animals-not only the six venomous snakes of the Southeast but also certain jellyfishes, centipedes, spiders, scorpions, stinging caterpillars, wasps, hornets, bees, catfishes, stingrays, and others- that might be encountered by people during recreation or work. The authors describe habitat occurrence, geographic distribution, and general life history and behavior for these animals. Numerous color photographs and drawings of both plants and animals are included for identification, as well as hundreds of range maps. The authors encourage an appreciation for the protective mechanisms hat help plants and animals defend themselves against predators or other threats. Although people must be able to recognize a poisonous plant or venomous animal in order to avoid suffering unwary contact, the book reassures the reader that Alabamas flora and fauna gives us little cause to worry on a relative scale. The information provided increases our understanding of and admiration for these species and their environments.

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title Poisonous Plants and Venomous Animals of Alabama and Adjoining - photo 1

title:Poisonous Plants and Venomous Animals of Alabama and Adjoining States
author:Gibbons, Whit.; Haynes, Robert; Thomas, Joab L.
publisher:University of Alabama Press
isbn10 | asin:0817304428
print isbn13:9780817304423
ebook isbn13:9780585331041
language:English
subjectPoisonous animals--Alabama, Poisonous animals--Gulf States, Poisonous animals--Southern States, Poisonous plants--Alabama, Poisonous plants--Gulf States, Poisonous plants--Southern States.
publication date:1990
lcc:QL100.G53 1990eb
ddc:574.6/5/09761
subject:Poisonous animals--Alabama, Poisonous animals--Gulf States, Poisonous animals--Southern States, Poisonous plants--Alabama, Poisonous plants--Gulf States, Poisonous plants--Southern States.
Page ii
Page iii
Poisonous Plants and Venomous Animals of Alabama and Adjoining States
Whit Gibbons
Robert R. Haynes
Joab L. Thomas
With a Foreword by
Robert J. Geller, M.D.
Page iv Copyright 1990 by The University of Alabama Press Tus - photo 2
Page iv Copyright 1990 by The University of Alabama Press Tuscaloosa - photo 3
Page iv
Copyright 1990 by
The University of Alabama Press
Tuscaloosa, Alabama 354870380
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
The paper on which this book is printed meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Science-Permanence of Paper Library Materials, ANSI A39.481984.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Gibbons, Whit, 1939
Poisonous plants and venomous animals of Alabama and adjoining
states / Whit Gibbons, Robert R. Haynes, and Joab L. Thomas.
p. cm.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
ISBN 0817304428 (alk. paper)
1. Poisonous animalsAlabama. 2. Poisonous animalsGulf States.
3. Poisonous animalsSouthern States. 4. Poisonous plants
Alabama. 5. Poisonous plantsGulf States. 6. Poisonous plants
Southern States. I. Haynes, Robert R., 1945 . II. Thomas, Joab
L. III. Title.
QL100.G53 1990 8834003
574.6509761dc19 CIP
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data available
The drawing on the title page:
Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), by M. E. Jackson.
The color photographs are by the authors, Ted Borg, Trip Lamb, Lloyd Logan, Dave Scott, Rebecca Sharitz, and others.
Page v
To Our Wives
Carol,
Elizabeth,
and
Marly
Page vii
Contents
Foreword
ix
Preface
xi
Acknowledgments
xiii
1. Overview of the Poisonous Plants and Venomous Animals of Alabama
1
2. Categories of Biological Toxins and Suggested Treatments
16
3. Poisonous Mushrooms
25
4. Vascular Plants Causing Systemic Poisoning
37
5. Vascular Plants Causing Dermatitis or Other Forms of Irritation
222
6. Venomous Invertebrates
253
7. Venomous Vertebrates
285
8. Harmless Animals That Appear Dangerous
321
Glossary
324
Selected References
334
Index
337

Page ix
Foreword
Every moment of our lives, we are interacting on a chemical level with the world around us. Most of these events are beneficial to us. However, discomfort or injury occasionally results from contact with plants or animals. These toxic effects are frequently preventable, however, with careful planning.
The authors of this book, all with field experience as professional biologists in the southeastern United States, have focused on potentially harmful plants and animals in Alabama. They have chosen Alabama as a paradigm for the southeastern United States, but their information is relevant to a much wider geographic area. Through discussion and the use of maps, diagrams, and tables, the reader is assisted in identifying plants and animals to be avoided or deserving of caution because of potential risk.
The Alabama Poison Center receives several hundred calls each year regarding human encounters with plants, insects, or snakes. Certainly some of these prove much more consequential than others. Each person's immune system is primed, from its genetic makeup and subsequent experiences, to respond differently. A bee sting to two brothers may cause one to have local pain and the other to develop life-threatening respiratory difficulty as a hypersensitivity reaction. This response pattern is rarely predictable, and medical management following exposure must therefore be cautious yet tailored to the individual.
Prevention of exposure is clearly applicable to all. This volume should prove useful not only to biologists and medical professionals, but also to the gardeners, outdoorsmen, hunters, and fishermen of our society seeking safe and relaxing pastimes.
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