William B. Gudykunst - Language and ethnic identity
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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Language and ethnic identity / edited by William B Gudykunst p. cm Bibliography: p. Includes index ISBN 1853590215 1. Anthropological linguistics. 2. Sociolinguistics I Gudykunst, William B. P35 L267 1988 8818702 401'.9dc19 CIP
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Language and ethnic identity. 1. Ethnic groups. Identity. Role of language I Gudykunst William B. 305.8
ISBN 1-85359-021-5
Multilingual Matters Ltd
Bank House, 8a Hill Road Clevedon, Avon BS21 7HH England
&
242 Cherry Street Philadelphia, Pa 19106-1906 USA
Copyright 1988 William B. Gudykunst and the authors of individual chapters.
All rights reserved No part of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher
Typeset by Wayside Books, Clevedon, Avon. Printed in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire
Page iii
Contents
Language and Ethnic Identity: An Overview and Prologue
William B. Gudykunst and Karen L. Schmidt
1
Achieving 'Unmarkedness' in Organisational Discourse: A Praxis Perspective on Ethnolinguistic Identity
Stephen P. Banks
15
Social Mobility and Language Use in an American Company in Japan
Patricia M. SanAntonio
35
Language Attitudes, Frames of References and Social Identity: A Scottish Dimension
Dominic Abrams and Michael A. Hogg
45
Language and Social Identity: Israelis Abroad
T. F. McNamara
59
Ethnicity and Immigrant Values: Religion and Language Choice
Deepa Punetha, Howard Giles and Louis Young
73
Language and Intergroup Perception in Spain
Maria Ros, J. Ignacio Cano and Carmen Huici
87
Imposed Identity and Linguistic Strategies
Joha Louw-Potgieter and Howard Giles
105
Language Attitudes and Vitality Perceptions: Intergenerational Effects among Chinese Canadian Communities
Itesh Sachdev, Richard Bourhis, Sue-wen Phang and John D'Eye
131
Social Psychological and Linguistic Impediments to the Acquisition of a Second Nigerian Language among Yoruba and Ibo
C. N. Mgbo-Elue
153
Afro-American Identity Labels and Communication Effectiveness
Michael L. Hecht and Sidney Ribeau
163
Page 1
Language and Ethnic Identity: An Overview and Prologue*
William B. Gudykunst and Karen L. Schmidt Department of Communication, Arizona State University
Abstract The purpose of this essay is to overview the study of language and ethnic identity. The general role of language in social categorisation and the influence of social categorisations on language attitudes, as well as the specific influence of ethnic identity on the microsociolinguistic, macrosociolinguistic, and social psychological aspects of language use, language attitudes, sociolinguistic stereotypes, ethnolinguistic vitality, and speech accommodation are reviewed. The contributions to the present volume also are outlined in the context of these areas of research.
Individuals use social categories to order their social environment and reduce the complexities of the world. Language is one of the major factors used to categories others (Giles & Johnson, 1981). Language use also plays a major role in the development of social identity in general (Eastman, 1985) and ethnic identity in particular (Giles & Johnson, 1981). Social identity is 'that part of an individual's self-concept which derives from his [or her] knowledge of his [or her] membership in a social group (or groups) together with the values and emotional significance attached to that membership' (Tajfel, 1978: 63).
The language or dialect speakers use provides cues that allow others to determine if speakers are members of an ingroup or an outgroup. Research indicates that ethnic group members identify more closely with those who share their language than with those who share their cultural background (Giles, Taylor & Bourhis, 1973). Individuals also evaluate speakers perceived as ingroup members more favourably than those perceived as outgroup members (Hogg, Joyce & Abrams, 1984).
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