Morehead - New American Rogets College Thesaurus in Dictionary Form (Revised & Updated)

THE
NEW AMERICAN
ROGETS
COLLEGE
THESAURUS

IN DICTIONARY FORM

Third Revised Edition Prepared by

Philip D. Morehead

Previously published as

The Penguin Rogets College Thesaurus in Dictionary Form

A SIGNET BOOK

Originally prepared and edited by

The National Lexicographic Board

A LBERT H. M OREHEAD ,!Chairman and General Editor W ALDEMAR V ON Z EDTWITZ , President

L OY C. M OREHEAD , Vice President; D ONALD D. W OLF , W ILLIAM C. C AMPBELL , G EORGE H. C OPELAND , J ACK L UZZATTO .

Staff for

The New American Rogets College Thesaurus

J ACK L UZZATTO and L OY M OREHEAD , Editors

W ILLAM C. C AMPBELL , W ILLIAM T. A TWOOD , B ETTY B RINKERHOFF , E LIZABETH M AC L EAN , Associate Editors.

SIGNET

Published by New American Library, a division of Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA

Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario M4P 2Y3, Canada (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.)

Penguin Books Ltd., 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England

Penguin Ireland, 25 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd.)

Penguin Group (Australia), 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty. Ltd.)

Penguin Books India Pvt. Ltd., 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi 110 017, India

Penguin Group (NZ), 67 Apollo Drive, Rosedale, North Shore 0632, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd.)

Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty.) Ltd., 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa

Penguin Books Ltd., Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England

Published by Signet, an imprint of New American Library, a division of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. Third revised edition previously published as The Penguin Rogets College Thesaurus in Dictionary Form.

First Signet Printing, January 1958

First Signet Printing (First Revised Edition), August 1978

First Signet Printing (Second Revised Edition), August 1985

First Signet Printing (Third Revised Edition), July 2002

30 29

Copyright Albert H. Morehead, 1958, 1962

Copyright Andrew T. Morehead and Philip D. Morehead, 1978

Copyright Philip D. Morehead and Andrew T. Morehead, 1985

Copyright Philip D. Morehead, 2001

All rights reserved

REGISTERED TRADEMARKMARCA REGISTRADA

Printed in the United States of America

Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book.

PUBLISHERS NOTE

The publisher does not have any control over and does not assume any responsibility for author or third-party Web sites or their content.

If you purchased this book without a cover you should be aware that this book is stolen property. It was reported as unsold and destroyed to the publisher and neither the author nor the publisher has received any payment for this stripped book.

The scanning, uploading, and distribution of this book via the Internet or via any other means without the permission of the publisher is illegal and punishable by law. Please purchase only authorized electronic editions, and do not participate in or encourage electronic piracy of copyrighted materials. Your support of the authors rights is appreciated.

To my father

The editor would like to give special thanks to Hugh Rawson, my former editor at New American Library for almost twenty years, who initiated this project and guided me through many others over the years. Thanks are also due to Sarah Manges, who ably picked up this project from Hugh and has been of great help to me in its completion. Thanks to my long-suffering wife, Patricia Morehead, composer and oboist, who put up with my endless hours at the computer. And finally, I would like to acknowledge the hard work of my late father and mother, Albert H. Morehead and Loy Morehead, who together were responsible for the original work on which this volume is based.

PETER MARK ROGET was an English physician who was born in 1779 and who died in 1869. As a hobby he liked to make lists of words and group them together when they were related to one another. Some were related because they were synonyms, such as illegal and unlawful; some because they were antonyms, such as peaceful and warlike; some because they were reminders of one another, such as father and mother. Altogether Mr. Roget made a thousand different groups, or categories, of related words. Every word he knew or could find in the dictionaries he had was classified in one or more of these categories. In 1852, Mr. Rogets list of words was published. He called the book a thesaurus, or treasury, of words. There were not many words in the first Rogets Thesaurus compared to the number in a volume like this, but his book was the first collection of synonyms, antonyms, and other related words. Not only writers, but also many others found it invaluable. Dozens of editors, beginning with Mr. Rogets son, have revised the original Thesaurus, added to it, and brought it up to date (for many of the words in the original Roget list are now obsolete and many common words of today were unknown in his time); but virtually every edition is still called Rogets Thesaurus in honor of the man who first had the idea.

This edition of Rogets Thesaurus is both a dictionary of synonyms and a thesaurus, or treasury, of related words. It combines in one easy-to-use alphabetical list categories (very much like those in Rogets original thesaurus) and a list of words with their close synonyms. For clarity, each category is printed the full width of the page and set off in a box while the synonym listings are printed at half-page width.

To find synonyms for a word, first look up the word in the alphabetical list. In most cases, you will find what you are looking for immediately under that word. Reference to more synonyms is indicated by words printed in SMALL CAPITALS . If you look up the word or words referred to, you will find additional synonyms and other words related to the word you were looking up. Most references are to categories, where you will also find words of related meaning but different parts of speech. Antonyms are listed for many synonym entries, and at the end of each category entry you will find references to sources for antonyms.

A special feature of this edition is the inclusion of many phrases and quotations, both contemporary and historical, appropriate to a certain category.

Frequently only one form of a word is entered in the alphabetical word list. You will find synonyms for the other forms by referring to the entries printed in SMALL CAPITALS under the listed word. For example, to find synonyms for proximate, look under proximity in the alphabetical word list and refer to the category NEARNESS , where you find adjacent, adjoining and other related adjectives.

A word or phrase in parentheses( )is explanatory or shows how the preceding word is to be used in a sentence. Brackets[ ]indicate that the bracketed letters, word, or phrase might or might not be used with the adjoining word, depending on the preference of the writer.