James Strong - Kubernetes Networking

Capital I, Internet indicates the network of networks that make up what we describe as the Internet. Lower case iinternet is the connectivity of internal, private networks.

In its earliest forms, networking was Government ran or sponsored; in the United States the Departmentof Defense sponsored the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, ARPANET (well before Al Gores time in politics).In 1969 ARPANET was deployed in UCLA, Argumentation Research Center at Stanford Research Institute, University ofCalifornia Santa Barbara, and the University Of Utah School of Computing. Communication between nodes was not completeduntil 1970, when they began using the Network Control Protocol, NCP. NCP led to the development and use of the firstcomputer-to-computer RFCs, Telnet and FTP.

The success of ARPANET and NCP, the first protocol to power it, led to NCPs downfall. It could not keep with thedemands of the network, and variety of networks connected. In 1974 Vint Cerf, Yogen Dalal, and Carl Sunshine begandrafting RFC 675 for Transmission Control Protocol, TCP. TCP would go on to be the standard for network connectivity.TCP allowed for exchanging packets across different types of networks. In 1981 IP, RFC 791, helped break outresponsibilities of TCP into a separate protocol increasing the modularity of the network. The following years manyorganizations, including the DOD, adapting TCP as the standard and by January 1, 1983, TCP/IP become the onlyapproved protocol on the ARPANET, replacing the earlier NCP protocol because of versatility and modularity.

A competing standards organization, the International Standards organization (ISO), developed and published ISO 7498Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model, the OSI model. With its publication also came the protocols tosupport it. Unfortunately, the OSI model protocols never gained traction and lost out to the popularity of TCP/IP.The OSI model is still an excellent learning tool for understanding the layered approach to networking.

1991 Al Gore invents the Internet, really he helped pass the National Information Infrastructure (NII) bill passed,which helped lead to the creation of the Internet Engineering Task Force, IETF. Nowadays standards for the Internetare under the management of the Internet Engineer Task Force, an open consortium of leading experts and companies inthe field of networking, like Cisco and Juniper. Requests for Comments, RFC, are published by The Internet Society,and the Internet Engineering Task Force. RFCs are prominently authored by individuals or groups of engineers andcomputer scientists, and they detail their processes, operations, and applications to the Internets functioning.