Daniel Barrish - Chessable Lifetime Repertoire: Nimzo-Ragozin

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{ @@HeaderStart@@Introduction@@HeaderEnd@@ In this course, you will find a complete repertoire for Black against 1. d4 based on the Nimzo-Indian and Ragozin, as well as recommendations on how to play against 1. Nf3. These openings have been chosen with the purpose of providing a solid, reliable defence for Black which can last a lifetime. The Nimzo-Indian and Ragozin are top-class openings played at the very highest levels with success. In many repertoires, it is nice to have an underlying theme or pawn structure which features in all the variations. This has the advantage of allowing players to get a better feel for the arising positions and pawn structures. In this course, well be looking to play d5 in the majority of variations and head towards a QGD-style pawn structure with pawns on e6 and d5. Additionally, unless it is clearly the best way to play, we will try to refrain from dxc4 in the style of the Vienna. The analysis in this course should be very solid as it has been checked thoroughly by both Stockfish and LeelaChess - however, if there are new developments, well do our best to update the variations. Also, in the event you spot any typos or similar errors, please let us know and it will be fixed quickly. All thats left is for us to wish you luck on your journey of learning and playing the Nimzo-Indian and Ragozin! Good luck and enjoy! Christof and Daniel }

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1. d4

{ Our 1.Nf3 chapter , recommends a way to meet 1.Nf3 in a consistent way , starting with 1d5. }

1 Nf6 2. c4

{ 2.Bf4 - all the d4 deviations such as the London, (Trompowsky and Colle are covered in the 1.d4 Deviations chapter.) }

2 e6 3. Nf3

{ In recent times this has been seen as more challenging than 3. Nc3. The Nimzo-Indian, after 3.Nc3 Bb4 , is rock-solid and White has a near impossible time trying to prove even the slightest of edges against it. Whites attention has shifted to trying to find something after 3. Nf3 instead. The idea behind delaying the knights development to c3 is to avoid the Bb4 pin of course. This position is a fairly major crossroads. Black can try a number of different, decent openings here, each with its own set of plans and ideas: 1. The Bogo-Indian with 3 Bb4+ is typically followed up with play on the dark squares, such as Qe7, d6 and e5. 2. The transposition to the Modern Benoni with 3 c5 is another option too. Blacks point is that by using this move order he has avoided some of whites scarier tries after the 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5 move order. 3. The Queens Indian, with 3 b6, is a classic complement to the Nimzo-Indian. Black persists with the idea of controlling the centre, especially the e4 square, with pieces and not pawns. 4. The Queens Gambit Declined, as well as the Tarrasch and Semi-Slav can also arise after 3 d5. 5. However, our choice is 3 d5 followed by meeting 4. Nc3 with Bb4. This is known as the Ragozin, which can be described as a mixture between the solidity of the Queens Gambit Declined and activity of the Nimzo-Indian. The Ragozin also has a very nice synergy with the Nimzo-Indian, since many lines can transpose and plenty of the ideas and plans are applicable to both. 3.Nc3 is still the most popular move in this position, however at the top level 3. Nf3 is being played for more often and it also scores better. If you know your theory well, you should look forward to facing 3. Nc3 as White typically struggles to get even the slightest of edges after 3Bb4. 4.Qc2 Whites second most common choice , with the point of trying to win the bishop pair without conceding doubled pawns. The Nimzo-Indian with 4.Qc2 chapter covers this. 4.Bg5 We begin examining the Nimzo with Whites sidelines , and these are dealt with in the Nimzo-Indian Deviations chapter. 4.f3 is a sharp and topical try which can lead to very unorthodox positions. Well cover this, together with 4. a3, in Nimzo-Indian with 4.a3 and 4.f3 Chapter. 4.e3 is Whites most popular choice and one of the big Nimzo mainlines. We examine 4. e3 in the longest chapter in the course (- Nimzo-Indian with 4.e3.) }

3 d5 4. Nc3

{ 4.g3 signifies the beginning of the Catalan, one of Whites more challenging options. White strives to get a small but stable positional plus while also not risking too much. It has become quite popular recently, in part due to the books GM Avrukh has written on it. 4Bb4+ 5.Bd2 Be7 In sticking with our repertoire theme, we have chosen a solid line where we refrain from taking on c4 and rather reinforce the pawn on d5. This is covered in the Catalan chapter. }

4 Bb4

{ The starting point of the Ragozin. Black develops the bishop more actively than in the Queens Gambit Declined (where it goes to e7) , but this also has its own set of disadvantages. In addition to the QGD , Black could also play 4c6 with a Semi-Slav , 4c5 with a Tarrasch or 4dxc4 which is the Vienna. }

5. Bg5

{ This natural move is Whites most popular choice in the position and will be covered in the 5. Bg5 Ragozin Chapter. 5.cxd5 is one of Whites most challenging tries against the Ragozin. It is examined in Ragozin with 5.cxd5 chapter. 5.Qa4+ is an idea which features regularly in the Ragozin, with the point of forcing our knight to c6 where it can be a bit misplaced. This is covered in Ragozin with 5.Qa4+. 5.Qb3 is a move which was topical recently and was one of Whites latest attempts to dent the Ragozin. We look at this and miscellaneous fifth moves in Ragozin Deviations chapter. }

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[White Nimzo-Indian with 4.e3]

[Black Nimzo-Indian with 4.e3]

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{ @@HeaderStart@@Key Points@@HeaderEnd@@ This is the biggest chapter in the book, covering one of the biggest, oldest and most important variations in chess: the Rubinstein variation of the Nimzo-Indian. There are 2 basic setups white has at his disposal here: 5.Nge2 and 5.Bd3. 5.Nge2 has the idea of recapturing on c3 with the knight. We meet this by playing in QGD style with 5d5. The key idea here is after 8.Nf4 we go 9Na6, with the plan of exchanging knights with Na6-c7-e6. 5.Bd3 is the classical mainline. We meet this with the relatively rare but strong idea of 6b6, planning to trade off light bishops with Ba6. }

1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3

{ 4. e3, commonly known as the Rubinstein Variation, is - together with 4. Qc2 - far and away Whites most popular and challenging option against the Nimzo-Indian. It might seem strange to think that blocking Whites dark-squared bishop in like this is critical, but as we will see in a later chapter, active development with 4.Bg5 can be met strongly by 4c5 , and 4.Nf3 transposes to the Ragozin after 4d5. 4. e3 seems quite inflexible and committal, however it is important to keep in mind that White hasnt committed his g1-knight yet. This means that he has a couple of possible setups involving Ng1-e2, in addition to the more obvious Nf3 plans. }

4 O-O

{ Blacks most flexible option and probably the best. Black doesnt commit his central pawns too early, which allows us to opt for either a dark-squared strategy (with c5) or a light-squared strategy (with d5) , depending on how White continues. In most situations we will be opting for the light-squared strategy with d5, as this is in keeping with this repertoires theme, but in one specific case we go for a dark-squared plan: when White plays an early a3 to gain the bishop pair. }

5. Bd3

{ The most common move, fighting for the e4 square. 5.Nge2 Whites second most common move here, behind 5. Bd3. It is an important line to know since it was the recommendation of GM Schandorff in his popular Playing 1. d4 series. White blocks his bishop, but this is meant to just be temporary. His idea is to play a3, kicking our bishop away, and recapture with the knight in the event of Bxc3+. Because of this, black should rather retreat his dark bishop to e7 or d6 after white plays a3. White will then usually redevelop his knight on e2 to either f4 or g3, or sometimes develop his light bishop with a kingside fianchetto - g3 followed by Bg2. 5d5 The most natural and most common move, staking out our claim in the centre. Black does have one notable alternative though, which is the super flexible 5 Re8. It does score quite well for black, but 5 d5 is more in line with our repertoire and it is just as good. 6.a3 Kicking our bishop back. Of course, taking on c3 just fully justifies whites opening strategy, so retreating is the only good option. 6.cxd5 is often just another move order to reach the mainline - with 6. a3 followed by 7. cxd5, but white does have an extra, independent option here. 6exd5 7.g3 This is Whites independent option. White intends to just develop his kingside and ignore our bishop on b4 for now. He hopes that eventually we retreat our bishop, thus saving him a move since he didnt play a3. However, as we shall see, whether or not this helps him is very debatable because our bishop will retreat to f8, which is a better square than e7 in the mainline. 7.a3 just transposes to our mainline. 7Be7 transposing to our mainline. Black does have the extra option of 7 Bd6, but they are not very different in objective strength and 7 Be7 saves us from learning 2 rather different setups against one variation. 7Re8 A very natural multipurpose move, putting the rook on the semi-open e-file. From here it supports a possible Ne4 later, and also frees up the f8 square for when our dark bishop retreats. 8.Bg2 c6 9.O-O Bf8 Bringing the bishop all the way back to f8 is a very flexible way for black to play. 10.Nf4 Putting pressure on d5 and dissuading the c5 break. 10.f3 Planning the e4 break of course, however this does weaken the e3 pawn. 10c5 ! The weakened e3 pawn and blocked bishop on g2 make this break much stronger than it would have been otherwise. 11.g4 Black has no problems after dxc5 so white has tried the g4-g5 idea the most here, in order to undermine the d5 pawn. 11h6 ! Simply preventing whites idea. 12.h3 Nc6 =+ Blacks activity and the weakness of e3 give us an edge here. 10Na6 With the idea of rerouting the knight to e6 - Nb8-a6-c7-e6. 11.f3 Nc7 = Black has developed harmoniously with no weaknesses. Whites issue is that the e4 break is never quite as effective as he hopes, since black often has the c5 counter-break at his disposal. 6Be7 Not the only move. The second most common choice, and also a good one, is 6 Bd6. On the plus side, the bishop is more active on d6 than on e7, but the issue is that it allows white the extra, pretty decent option of 7. c5. 7.cxd5 Whites most common move. It is in whites favour for white to remove the central tension before black can liquidate the whole centre with c5 or play c6 and get the extra option of cxd5 later. 7.Ng3 The knight on g3 is useful since it controls the f5 square - which is often where our light bishop would go, but the downside is that it doesnt influence the centre at all. 7c5 Black also has b6 at his disposal, however c5 scores better and is more popular. 8.cxd5 8.dxc5 The second most common move, although it isnt too critical. dxc4 9.Qxd8 Exchanging queens isnt challenging at all here. 9.Qc2 White hopes to keep some pressure in this symmetrical pawn structure, but there is a slim chance of that. 9Nbd7 Black can recapture on c5 with the bishop, the knight or even the queen. It doesnt really matter too much - they are all approximately of equal strength. 10.Bxc4 Nxc5 11.b4 Logically kicking our knight back, however the downside is that it makes our ...a5 lever stronger. 11Ncd7 12.Bb2 a5 ! = Black has no problems at all. 9Rxd8 10.Bxc4 Bxc5 = White has absolutely nothing in this equal endgame. 8cxd4 Recapturing on d5 with the pawn is not ideal, since we dont want to be saddled with an IQP. 9.exd4 Nxd5 We reach an IQP position where white lacks his usual kingside attacking potential. His knight is a bit misplaced on g3 as well - usually the knight is on f3, where it defends d4 and often goes to e5. 10.Bd3 Nc6 11.O-O Bf6 Putting the bishop where it can pressure the d4 pawn. 12.Be3 Defending d4. 12Nxe3 ! Grabbing the bishop pair is a long-term decision. Whites d4 pawn will now be protected, but later on in the game, when the position opens up, it is the bishop pair that will shine. 13.fxe3 g6 =+ Fianchettoing the bishop and tucking it away on g7. Black has a slight edge thanks to his bishop pair. 7.Nf4 The advantage of having the knight on f4 is that it puts a lot of pressure on d5. This is quite useful for white, since it dissuades us from playing c5, which is a typical equalising break. However, as we shall see, there are also downsides to the knight being on f4. 7c6 Supporting the d5 pawn. 8.Bd3 Whites most popular move. 8.cxd5 exd5 transposing to 7. cxd5 exd5 8. Nf4. 8.Be2 This is less common than 8. Bd3 and it has no independent value since we meet it in the same way. 8dxc4 ! 9.Bxc4 This isnt a situation where white can sacrifice the c4 pawn and get some positional compensation. If white doesnt recapture, we just play b5 and hold the pawn. 9Nbd7 = transposing to 8. Bd3. 8.b3 Supporting c4 in anticipation of dxc4. Nbd7 9.Bb2 dxc4 10.Bxc4 Recapturing with the pawn is met in the same way. 10e5 =+ Once again, with the e5 break in white is fighting for equality. 8.b4 White doesnt commit his light bishop, instead prefering to expand on the queenside. 8Nbd7 As is typical with the knight on f4, we prepare the e5 break. 9.c5 White tries to press his queenside advantage, but black is much faster in the centre. 9e5 ! 10.dxe5 Nxe5 =+ Whites queenside play is far slower than blacks initiative in the centre. 8dxc4 ! The right time to play this, now that white has already spent a tempo moving his bishop. 9.Bxc4 Nbd7 ! We are planning the e5 equalising break and with the knight on f4, white is not in a good position to prevent it. 10.O-O 10.Nd3 White prevents e5, but the knight is awkwardly-placed on d3 which gives black good play on the queenside. 10b5 ! Black switches his focus to the queenside. 11.Ba2 a5 ! Threatening b4. 12.b4 Blocking b4, but weakening the light squares. 12Nb6 Targeting the light squares weakened by b4. 13.O-O Nfd5 =+ Blacks strong knights and queenside pressure give him a slight edge. 10e5 = With the e5 break achieved, white is on the back foot and fighting for equality. Blacks light bishop is free to be developed, while whites dark bishop is still blocked by the e3 pawn. 7 exd5 We reach an important branching point in this variation. The position - the pawn structure - is reminiscent of the Queens Gambit Declined Exchange Variation, however the key difference is that whites dark bishop is inside the pawn chain. White has 4 main options: 1. He can develop his kingside with a fianchetto, with 8. g3. 2. He can put his knight on f4 where it puts pressure on d5 and develop the bishop to d3/e2 - 8. Nf4. This was GM Schandorffs choice in his book. 3. The knight can go to g3 instead of f4, where it has more influence over f5. 4. White can prioritise queenside play with 8. b4. 8.g3 Fianchettoing the light bishop is whites second most common plan in this position. 8.Nf4 Together with 8. g3, this is whites main option. GM Schandorff recommended this move as well. The knight on f4 serves the important purpose of pressurising d5, which makes it harder for black to achieve the c5 break. Black tends to forego this break altogether and focus on other ideas instead. 8c6 9.Bd3 This is quite an important junction for black. Black has a number of different plans and development schemes to choose from. 9Na6 ! This is only the 5th most common move, but it is a strong one which has been popular at the top level recently. It has been played repeatedly by Karjakin and once by Carlsen, albeit in a blitz game. The knight is heading to c7, from where it can do 2 things. The knight on c7 supports d5 in the event that black wants to play the c5 break and it can also exchange whites knight on f4 with Ne6, which frees up our position a bit and grants our light bishop the e6 square. 10.O-O Note that taking on a6 just hands black the bishop pair without any real compensation for white. Nc7 11.f3 Whites plan usually involves f3 at some point, usually with the idea of e4 later. 11.b4 White decides to play on the queenside with a minority attack, but black is very well placed to meet this. 11Bd6 12.b5 cxb5 13.Nxb5 Nxb5 14.Bxb5 Bf5 =+ Black is a bit better thanks to his more active bishops. 11Ne6 12.Nxe6 This exchange makes blacks development a bit easier as we now have the e6 square for our bishop. 12.Nfe2 Slightly more common than exchanging on e6, but not any better. Blacks knight is perfectly placed now to support the c5 break, so if white plays too passively this is a promising idea. 12Bd6 A typical idea to improve the placement of our dark bishop slightly. 13.Bd2 Nh5 Preparing f5. 14.Kh1 f5 = Black has decent play on the kingside, while white will get some queenside counterplay. Both sides have decent chances with approximate equality. 12Bxe6 13.Bd2 Ne8 Not the only move, but this has the idea of rerouting the knight to d6 and playing f5. 14.Qc2 f5 Discouraging white from playing his e4 break. 15.Ne2 Nd6 16.Nf4 Qd7 = Black doesnt have to worry about white exchanging his light bishop, seeing as it is his bad bishop and the position is relatively closed. Black can look to expand on the kingside in the future if white plays passively. 8.b4 Whites third most common option prioritises whites queenside play. 8. b4 clamps down on the c5 square, making that break more difficult for us, but also it creates other possibilities for us involving a5 or the newly weakened c4-square. 8c6 9.Ng3 The knight goes to f5 and sometimes h5 from here, while also preventing blacks Bf5. 9Re8 10.Bd3 Nbd7 11.O-O Nb6 The knight is on a good square here. It supports the d5 pawn - which is useful, in the event of c5, emphasises the weakened c4 square and also blocks the whites pressure down the b-file when it opens after b5. 12.Rb1 a5 ! A typical pawn lever in this line. 13.b5 c5 Keeping the b-file closed and counterattacking in the centre. 14.dxc5 Bxc5 = We reach an equal position with decent chances for both sides. Black can look at ideas such as Nc4 and d4 in the future, or maybe a4 to fix the weak pawn on a3. 8.Ng3 Preventing blacks Bf5, however, unlike the knight on f4, it does nothing to pressure d5. Black should take advantage of this by using the typical c5 break. 8c5 ! It is possible to play more slowly with moves like Rc8 as well, but this seems like a pretty easy equaliser. 9.dxc5 Bxc5 10.Bd3 We reach an IQP position where whites misplaced knight on g3 - since it has no influence over the important d4 square - allows black to equalise without any real problems. Even putting the bishop on e2 instead of d3 does not fix this - we just follow the same plan of Nc6 followed by d4. 10Nc6 Black should also consider the immediate 10 d4, which also seems good. 11.O-O d4 A rather natural move which wasnt mentioned by GM Schandorff. The more popular choice here is 11 Be6 though. 12.Na4 The knight on a4 dissuades the Bb6 retreat. 12.Nce4 Taking immediately on d4 doesnt challenge black, so white needs to try something else. 12Nxe4 13.Nxe4 Bb6 14.Qh5 Black needs to be a bit careful here - Nf6+ with mate is threatened. 14h6 15.exd4 Bxd4 =+ Black has the upperhand in a fairly symmetrical position thanks to his more active pieces. 12Bd6 Preparing to grab on g3. 13.exd4 Bxg3 14.hxg3 Bg4 ! The point behind 13 Bxg3. White has no comfortable way to deal with this attack without giving back the bishop pair. 15.Be2 Basically forced. 15Bxe2 16.Qxe2 Nxd4 = With complete equality. White has the bishop, but black is more active. 8Re8 The best square for blacks rook, while also freeing f8 for the dark bishop. 9.Bg2 c6 10.O-O Nbd7 The knight is on its way to b6. 11.f3 Whites main plan involves e4 at some point, however we can take advantage of the blocked bishop on g2. 11.b4 Whites queenside play is quite ineffective here. 11Nb6 12.b5 Bf5 =+ White doesnt have any real pressure on the queenside. Black will have c5 coming soon, after which he will have the more active pieces and good play. 11c5 ! This break is good enough to equalise here. 12.Nf4 Hitting d5. 12cxd4 12 Nb6 is also possible, but this seems to be a bit more forcing. 13.Ncxd5 The only challenging move. 13.exd4 is not challenging of course. 13Nb6 = with complete equality. 13Nxd5 14.Nxd5 dxe3 15.Bxe3 Nf6 ! It seems like white gets the bishop pair and a slight edge here, but as we will see this is just an illusion. 16.Nxe7+ Qxe7 = Whites bishop pair is nothing more than symbolic here, since blacks bishop will reach d5 after Be6-d5 with easy equality. 5.Nf3 A very natural move, and the third in popularity - behind 5. Bd3 and 5. Nge2, however it doesnt have that much independent value, since it is most likely to transpose to either 5. Bd3 or 5. a3 within a couple of moves. 5d5 Other moves are possible, but we need to cover 5 d5 due to the transpositional possibilities. We have, in effect, reached a Ragozin with 5. e3. 6.Bd2 This is quite a rare line but one which has picked up in popularity recently at the top level. We will cover this in the Nimzo-Indian chapter dealing with 4. Bd2. 6.Bd3 transposes straight into the mainline after 6b6 6.a3 Bxc3+ 7.bxc3 c5 8.Bb2 This is an interesting idea from white. He is making as many useful moves as possible, while the bishop stays at home on f1. He hopes that black will play dxc4 prematurely, thus saving a tempo on the lines after 7. Bd3. 8.cxd5 is not too good with the white knight on e2. 8exd5 9.Bd3 Bg4 ! With the knight on e2, developing the bishop actively like this wouldnt be possible. 10.O-O c4 ! =+ Whites terrible dark bishop and the closed nature of the position give the edge to blacks knights. 8.Bd3 Qc7 ! Black gets an improved version of 7. Bd3. 9.Qc2 dxc4 10.Bxc4 b6 transposes to a position we look at after 7. Bd3. The queen on c2 isnt the best use white could have made of the tempo. 8Nc6 9.Rc1 Continuing the waiting game. 9Na5 ! Forcing white to take on d5, which in turn frees our light bishop. 10.cxd5 exd5 11.dxc5 Otherwise black just plays c4 with a good positional edge. 11Be6 Covering d5. 12.c4 Otherwise black can just recoup the pawn with a good position after, for example, Ne4xc5. 12Nxc4 13.Bxc4 dxc4 14.Qxd8 Rfxd8 = With complete equality. 6b6 reaching the line we looked at in Chapter 6. 5.a3 An idea we will encounter in the 4. a3 chapter. 5Bxc3+ 6.bxc3 Nc6 ! We will see this line in the 4. a3 chapter in the line 4. a3 Bxc3+ 5. bxc3 O-O 6. f3 Nc6 !. It is important for black not to play the automatic 6 d5 instead, as white scores well and gets a slight edge after 7. cxd5. The point behind Nc6 is two-fold: it prepares the e5 break and possibly e4 later as well, and also it allows black to target the c4 pawn in the typical way with Na5, b6 and Ba6. 7.Bd3 Whites main move, developing naturally. 7.Ne2 This seems a little unnatural, but it has been played a few times. By not committing his bishop to d3 yet, white takes some of the sting out of our e5-e4 plan. Instead, we will now attack c4 in this line. 7b6 8.Ng3 Ba6 9.e4 White threatens Bg5 now. 9Ne8 Prophylaxis against Bg5. 10.Bd3 Na5 11.Qe2 c5 12.d5 f5 ! A difficult move to find over the board, but an important move to remember ! This break hits out at e4 and ensures that whites impressive-looking centre crumbles in a few moves. 13.exf5 13.dxe6 ? f4 ! is an important intermezzo to see. 13exd5 14.cxd5 Bxd3 15.Qxd3 c4 16.Qe2 Nd6 17.O-O Nxf5 = Black regains his pawn with full equality. 7.Nf3 Controlling e5, but all this means is that we must now prepare e5 a bit more. 7d6 8.Be2 With e5-e4 coming, e2 is a better square for the bishop. e5 9.O-O Bg4 10.h3 Bh5 11.Bb2 Re8 =+ Black is at least equal here and probably even a bit better due to whites poor pawn structure and his bishops limited scope. 7e5 ! White doesnt have enough control over e4 which means that we can look to play e4 ourselves. 8.Ne2 Whites most common choice by far. 8.f3 This has only been tried once, but maybe it is one of whites best options. 8d6 Our idea in this line is to target the c4 pawn. 9.Ne2 Na5 ! This looks a bit funny, but we attack c4 which is surprisingly difficult to defend. 10.e4 Be6 ! Attacking c4 and provoking d5. 11.d5 Bc8 ! = Our last few moves might look a bit strange, but all these provocative moves are very sound positionally. By provoking d5, we get the fantastic c5 outpost for our knight and ensure that the c4 pawn stays weak for a long time. The reason for retreating to c8 instead of d7 is to leave the d7 square free for our knight. 8e4 ! Grabbing space. 9.Bb1 9.Bc2 has little independent value and should transpose to whites main move, 9. Bb1, in a couple moves time. b6 10.Ng3 Ba6 11.Nxe4 Nxe4 12.Bxe4 Bxc4 transposing. 9b6 Preparing to attack c4. 10.Ng3 White counterattacks our e4 pawn instead of defending c4. 10Ba6 11.Nxe4 Nxe4 12.Bxe4 Bxc4 =+ This position has been reached in one game so far and black already has a slight edge. After 13.Bd3 we can now improve by playing 13Na5 ! with a dream good knight vs bad bishop position for us. }