Frank W. DiChiara O.D. F.A.A.O. - Rehabilitation of the Visually Impaired

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Copyright 2021 Frank W. Di Chiara O.D., F.A.A.O.

All rights reserved

First Edition

PAGE PUBLISHING, INC.

Conneaut Lake, PA

First originally published by Page Publishing 2021

ISBN 978-1-6624-2446-5 (pbk)

ISBN 978-1-6624-2447-2 (digital)

Printed in the United States of America

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments

To the authors who so graciously and swiftly accepted the challenge to help write this book, you have my heartfelt thank you. I know there were many sacrifices you made for this commitment. To the editors, Dr. A Robert Child, Dr. Laura Lakin, and Dr. Jessica Medina, who worked on the manuscripts so diligently, I thank you. Though you were all very busy and in practice at the same time, you accomplished your job. Thank you again.

A special thank you to my grandson, Peter Pastore, for his help with my computer skills. To my family, who urged me for years to write a book, I thank you, for although it was quite an undertaking, the experience was both exhausting and exhilarating.

The photo on the front cover is courtesy of Designs for Vision.

Eleanor Eaton Faye, MD, Pioneer

Bruce P. Rosenthal, OD, FAAO

Eleanor Eaton Faye epitomizes an individual who was truly a pioneer, mentor, innovator, motivator, teacher, friend, as well as one of the most selfless persons one could meet in life. Dr. Faye has been recognized as the mother of low vision. But one of her greatest and little-known achievements was started with her passion for low vision. At the risk of her professional reputation, she single-handedly brought together the eye care professions of optometry and ophthalmology.

Perhaps she was inspired by her pioneering ancestors. Her mother was a descendant of Francis Eaton, the Mayflower carpenter, when it landed on Plymouth Rock four hundred years ago in 1620. Her grandfather, Hans Peter Faye II, traveled from Norway in 1880 to Kauai Island, in the Kingdom of Hawaii, to become one of the pioneers in the sugar industry.

Eleanor Faye was born in Berkeley, California, raised in Hawaii, and received her undergraduate and medical degrees at Stanford University. Young Eleanor was invited for an interview at Manhattan Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat. The committee interviewing her remarked on the impressive credentials as well as qualifications. Unfortunately, they could not accept her because there were only changing facilities for the male faculty. Looking them in the eye, she said, I will be glad to change in the nurses quarters. As an ophthalmology resident, she began to observe patients at the New York Association for the Blind, the Lighthouse. In 1966, she became the first female medical director of an organization of the blind and visually impaired.

Dr. Faye perceived the term subnormal vision as demeaning and changed the perception of an individual having a visual impairment with the publication of her first book in 1970 named The Low-Vision Patient, Clinical Experiences with Adults and Children . She also continued throughout her career to change the perception that nothing could be done for a person having low vision.

The year 1973 marked the twentieth anniversary of the Lighthouse Low-Vision Service with a symposium, as well as a book of the lectures titled Low Vision . The opening sentence in the dedication read, To the ophthalmologists and optometrists. This simple phrase was a milestone as being the first recognition and mention of both ophthalmology and optometry working together in a common professional area. The symposium included both MDs and ODs on the program, another groundbreaking milestone.

The highlights continued throughout her career:

Not without Sight , a film that she choreographed in 1973, was the first to include extraordinary innovations that simulated various eye conditions that included macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, and retinitis pigmentosa. She made sure that her simulations were placed in the public domain so that family and friends could understand the impact of vision loss on their loved ones. They can be found on the National Eye Institute website.

Dr. Faye was also instrumental in the following:

1. The development of new distance and near eye charts for the evaluation of the low-vision patient
2. The structured low-vision evaluation
3. A catalog of low-vision devices and charts for the eyecare professions
4. The first to emphasize the impact of ocular pathology in vision function
5. The vision function oriented low-vision examination that included new tests of visual function: the Amsler grid and contrast sensitivity
6. The development of sun wear and filters for the visually impaired
7. Being the founder of the Lighthouse continuing education program in the 70s that trained leaders in low vision throughout the US and the world

Eleanor E. Faye, MD, left a legacy that will continue to inspire, motivate, and enthuse low-vision clinicians that something can be done to help persons with low vision.

Preface

This book boasts nine diplomates as authors, with several other professional individuals making a contribution.

Every optometrist, social worker, physical therapist, occupational therapist, or person working in an agency for the blind or working with the visually impaired should have this book as a reference. The book is easy to read for this specialty. It will help the reader to know what can be done for the visually impaired.

The optics are kept at a minimum and are easy to comprehend. The pathology is basic, and most people working with the visually impaired will recognize the conditions. The pages on terminology should help to clarify and make it less burdensome.

The first chapter, written by Christopher Butler, explains the various components of a blind agency. You will become aware of the fact that many things have changed in the past twenty years. The computer and smartphone have made things a lot easier for the visually handicapped.

The second chapter, written by Dr. Lawrence Kline, takes you step-by-step through a most comprehensive low-vision examination.

If you want a clear understanding of visual acuity, Dr. Donna Gavin explains the various notations in chapter 3.

Dr. Frank W. Di Chiara covers lenses and basic optics in chapter 4.

Dr. Robert Gold classifies the microscopic spectacle in chapter 5. The microscope is one of the most important and most prescribed aids for the visually impaired.

The telescopic spectacle, sometimes a challenge for the doctor and patient, is described in chapter 6 and is the most important aspect in the correction of low vision.

Chapter 7, written by Dr. Frank W. Di Chiara, covers the intermediate area of 8 to 30 inches by use of the telemicroscope, a wonderful tool for that area of vision.

Dr. Pauline Beale covers the all-important and most used hand and stand magnifiers in chapter 8.

Chapter 9 presents some of the most often used nonoptical aids by Dr. Robert R. Perlin

Chapter 10 presents retinitis-pigmentosa and the oculocutaneous albino of the tyrosinase positive. It was written by Dr. Frank W. Di Chiara and also a case presentation by Dr. Paul Ajamian.

Barbara Wilson gives us an insight as to the help the library services provide for our visually handicapped and blind individuals in chapter 11. All these services are free to our citizens.

Dr. Hayvis Woolf makes us privy to veterans affairs in chapter 12.

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