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Adams Media - Diabetes: Glucose Monitoring and Insulin Treatment: The most important information you need to improve your health

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Adams Media Diabetes: Glucose Monitoring and Insulin Treatment: The most important information you need to improve your health
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If you or a family member has been diagnosed with diabetes, you may feel overwhelmed by the challenges associated with this disease. The Everything Healthy Living Series is here to help. These concise, thoughtful guides offer the expert advice and the latest medical information you need to improve your health. Aside from having a lab in your medicine cabinet, this is your best tool for managing diabetes, monitoring your glucose level, and understanding the importance of insulin. Youll find tips and advice on testing your blood sugar, tracking results, and administering insulin.

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The Everything Healthy Living Series Diabetes Glucose Monitoring and Insulin - photo 1
The Everything Healthy Living Series
Diabetes: Glucose Monitoring and Insulin Treatment
The most important information you need to improve your health
Adams Media, an imprint of Simon & Schuster, Inc.
Diabetes Glucose Monitoring and Insulin Treatment The most important information you need to improve your health - image 2

Avon, Massachusetts

Contents
Introduction

For more than 10 years, millions of readers have trusted the bestselling Everything series for expert advice and important information on health topics ranging from pregnancy and postpartum care to heart health, anxiety, and diabetes. Packed with the most recent, up-to-date data, Everything health guides help you get the right diagnosis, choose the best doctor, and find the treatment options that work for you.

The Everything Healthy Living Series books are concise guides, focusing on only the essential information you need. Whether youre looking for an overview of traditional and alternative migraine treatments, advice on starting a heart-healthy lifestyle, or suggestions for finding the right medical team, theres an Everything Healthy Living Book for you.

Diabetes

If youve picked up this book, chances are that diabetes has touched your life or the life of someone close to you. Whatever the diagnosis pre-diabetes, type 1, type 2, or gestational diabetes can be a frightening and personally devastating diagnosis. Fortunately, learning all you can about diabetes and seeking support are probably the two most important components to staying on top of this disease.

A key phrase in the lexicon of diabetes care is good control. For those new to diabetes, good control means keeping your blood glucose, or blood sugar, in a range at or close to normal through diet, exercise, and/or medication (which can include pills, insulin, and/or other injectable drugs). Control is the answer to managing diabetes physically as well as emotionally. Always remember that the power is in your hands to determine how diabetes affects your life.

Managing diabetes requires knowledge, dedication, and a certain doggedness of character. Most importantly, it requires a commitment to being a leader, not a follower, in your own health care. Surrounding yourself with good people endocrinologists and diabetologists, certified diabetes educators, registered dietitians, and more is an excellent start. But it takes more than a crack medical team to control diabetes. Playing an active role in your own health care as coach of your health care team is essential for staying both healthy and happy. So is surrounding yourself with people who care about you and are willing to support you in your pursuit of wellness.

High blood glucose levels can affect every system of the body over time if not managed properly. Heart disease, stroke, vision loss, kidney disease, and nerve damage are just a few of the complications that uncontrolled diabetes leaves in its wake. This is why educating yourself about good diabetes management through diet, exercise, medication, lifestyle, and more is so very essential.

Medical breakthroughs like continuous glucose monitoring technologies, new oral and injectable medications and insulin formulations, insulin pumps, and others have drastically improved the quality of life for all people with diabetes, but there is still no cure for the disease. Until there is, staying current on developments in diabetes management, communicating with your health care team, and staying on top of self-care through healthy lifestyle choices are absolutely essential to wellness.

How Diabetes Is Managed

The ultimate goal of diabetes management is to bring blood glucose to a level that is as close to normal as possible as consistently as possible. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) suggests adults with diabetes try to achieve blood glucose levels of 70 to 130 mg/dl (milligrams per deciliter) or 3.9 to 7.2 mmol/l (millimoles per liter) before meals, and less than 180 mg/dl (10.0 mmol/l) one to two hours after eating.

Its important to remember, however, that each patient has unique blood glucose treatment targets. Those who are particularly susceptible to episodes of hypoglycemia may have a slightly higher goal than those who arent, while women who are trying to bring their glucose levels down as part of a preconception plan for pregnancy may have a lower target. Everyone is different, and your doctor will need to work with you to figure out what goals are right for you.

How do you bring blood sugars down to a controlled range? Each person will have his or her own unique treatment plan, but the main tools at your disposal are diet, exercise, and medication. People with type 1 diabetes require insulin therapy. Those with type 2 diabetes can sometimes control their disease with a combination of dietary regulation and exercise, and often they require medication. No matter what your type of diabetes, proper nutrition and exercise should be a cornerstone of both disease management and healthy living.

If youd like to learn more about diabetes, check out The Everything Health Guide to Diabetes, 2nd Edition , available in print (978-1-59869-785-8) and eBook (978-1-60550-788-0) formats.

Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose

A home blood glucose monitor a device that analyzes a blood sample and gives you a reading of your current blood sugar levels is the next best thing to having a lab in your medicine cabinet. Monitors (also called meters) are probably the single, most useful tool you have for knowing whats going on with your diabetes, mainly because they are always accessible, provide instant results, and dont require a trip to the doctors office.

Why Test?

Regular self-monitoring of blood glucose levels (SMBG) gives you a quick clinical snapshot of exactly where your blood glucose levels are at any given moment. Testing, and keeping a detailed log of test results and the circumstances that surround them, will help you understand how certain foods and activities affect your blood sugar. Once you are able to detect patterns in blood glucose changes over time, you can use the information to adjust your treatment accordingly.

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), a landmark clinical study, found that tight control of blood glucose levels using SMBG significantly reduced the risk of diabetes-related complications. Since the study was published in 1993, the ADA has developed guidelines on SMBG and home testing has become a recommended, routine self-care practice.

Another role of SMBG is to help you assess how effective your medication or insulin is in controlling your glucose levels. It is also an invaluable tool for adjusting the timing of medication to ensure the best possible control.

Question

I cant stand the thought of sticking myself. Cant I just test for sugar in my urine?

You could, but it would do little to help you control your diabetes. Because urine collects in your bladder for several hours before it leaves the body and only contains glucose when blood levels are over 180 mg/dl, it isnt a very timely or sensitive test. Worse, it cannot help detect potentially dangerous low blood sugar levels.

Perhaps most importantly, SMBG can help you avoid life-threatening blood sugar emergencies. If you are under stress, sick with the flu, or taking medications that affect blood glucose levels, regular testing can help you keep close tabs on your blood sugar levels so you can take action before they go dangerously high.

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