Copyright 1978, 1990, 1997 and 2004 by Xavier M. Frascogna, Jr. and H. Lee Hetherington
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or used in any form or by any meansgraphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage-and-retrieval systemswithout written permission of the publisher.
This edition first published in 2004 in the United States by Billboard Books, an imprint of Watson-Guptill Publications, a division of VNU Business Media, Inc., 770 Broadway, New York, NY 10003-9595
www.wgpub.com
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Frascogna, Xavier M., 1946
This business of artist management / by Xavier M. Frascogna, Jr., and H. Lee Hetherington.4th ed.
p. cm.
eISBN: 978-0-307-87499-3
1. Music tradeUnited States. 2. MusicEconomic aspects. I. Hetherington, H. Lee, 1948- II. Title.
ML3790.F7 2004
791.0068dc22
2004010294
v3.1
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This book is the product of the authors nearly forty years of experience as agents, managers, performers, lawyers, and law professors. Since the first edition of this book was written and published under the title Successful Artist Management in 1979, we have been extremely fortunate to have been assisted by many industry professionals who have freely and generously shared their knowledge and insights with us. To each of them we offer our thanks: Ed Benson, Gary Borman, Tom Carrico, Connie Bradley, Tim DuBois, Cecille Edwards, Scott Hendricks, Rush Hicks, Wade Jesson, Ken Kragen, Larry Latimer, Marc Oswald, David Ross, Bud Schaetzle, Evelyn Shriver, Bill Simmons, James Stroud, Steve Weaver, Dr. Larry Wacholtz, Walt Wilson, Paul Adler, Buddy Allen, Steve Allen, Robert Altshuler, Billy Arnell, Larry Baunach, Sid Bernstein, Marty Blackman, Lorraine Bobruk, Woody Bowles, Nat Burgess, Buzz Cason, Terry Cline, Mario Conti, Ezra Cook, Paul Corbin, Marilyn Craig, Mike Daniel, Stewart Fine, Jim Foglesong, Greg Frascogna, Steve Gatlin, Gina Gaylord, Mark Goldstein, Juanita Elefante Gordon, Cathy Gurley, Gail Hamilton, Mike Hightower, Frank Jones, C. W. Kendall, Barry Knittel, Al Kugler, Judy Libow, Steve Loeb, David Ludwick, Kathryn Lumpkin, Bill Martin, Brad McCuen, Jim Morey, Tom Noonan, Max Okun, Chip Peay, Ralph Peer II, Diane Petty, Judi Pfosky, Michael J. Pollack, Frances Preston, Bob Reno, Emma Sansing, Ed Shea, David Skepner, Debbie Smith, Doyle Smith, Roy Smith, Jimmy Walker, Josh Wattles, Larry Welch, Gerry Wood, and Rolland Yancey.
Additionally, we acknowledge the special contributions of the following companies and firms: The Agency Group, American Federation of Musicians, Arista Records, American Society of Composers, Authors & Publishers, Billboard magazine, Broadcast Music, Inc., The Canton Spirituals, Central South Distribution, Conference of Personal Managers, David L. Maddox & Associates PC, Frascogna Courtney PLLC, Harry Fox Agency, Hip Boot Joe, In De Goot Entertainment, Lee & Lee PLLC, Malaco Records, Marxan Records, MCG Records, Pathstar Communications LLC, Peermusic, Phoenix Entertainment Group LLC, The Robert Johnson Estate LLC, SESAC, Solarfire Music, Songwriters Guild of America, 3 Doors Down, Warner Brothers Records, White Hat Management Services, and the Williams Brothers.
Special thanks to those individuals providing us with fresh information for this fourth edition, namely: Chuck Adams, Brad Arnold, Terika Arnold, Mark Ballard, Brian Brignac, Shawnassey Howell Britt, James Bullard, Anita Campbell, Tommy Couch, Phin Daly, Randy Everett, Ken Fermaglich, Rhett Glindmeyer, Henry Green, Jennifer Harrell, Todd Harrell, Chris Henderson, Tonya Henderson, Lee King, Marcy Lee, David Maddox, Stewart Madison, Scott Mateer, Bill McGathy, Burns McFarland, Gary Pettus, Ouida Rainey, Gram Rea, Matt Roberts, Norm Rowland, Scott Sanchez, Linda Schreiner, Luther Tatum, Travis Thibodaux, Jesse Thompson, Aaron Van Duyne, Bill Velez, Doug Williams, Melvin Williams, and Jack Woodson.
Also, thanks go to our longtime editor and friend, Bob Nirkind of Watson-Guptill Publications in New York.
And finally to our wives, Judy and Michelle, and all the many friends and family who have provided encouragement and support over the years, a sincere thank you for the many large and small contributions you have made along the way.
X. M. F RASCOGNA , J R .
H. L EE H ETHERINGTON
February 2004
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part 1ESTABLISHING THE ARTIST-MANAGER RELATIONSHIPChapter One
SEEING THE BIG PICTURE
Chapter Two
GRASPING THE BASICS OF ARTIST MANAGEMENT
Chapter Three
LAUNCHING THE ARTISTS CAREER
Chapter Four
FINDING A MANAGER/FINDING AN ARTIST
Chapter Five
EVALUATING THE ARTIST/MANAGER RELATIONSHIP
Chapter Six
UNDERSTANDING THE KEY TERMS OF A MANAGEMENT CONTRACT
Part 2PLANNING THE ARTISTS CAREERChapter Seven
ASSESSING THE BUSINESS STATE OF THE ARTISTS CAREER
Chapter Eight
EMPLOYING THE EXPERTISE OF A PROFESSIONAL SUPPORT TEAM
Chapter Nine
TAKING CREATIVE INVENTORY OF THE ARTISTS ABILITIES
Chapter Ten
MAPPING OUT THE ARTISTS CAREER PLAN
Part 3MAKING THE CAREER PLAN WORKChapter Eleven
MAKING THINGS HAPPEN IN THE ARTISTS CAREER
Chapter Twelve
MAXIMIZING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ARTISTS DEVELOPMENT TEAM
Chapter Thirteen
GETTING A RECORD DEAL
Chapter Fourteen
UNDERSTANDING THE BASICS OF MUSIC PUBLISHING
Chapter Fifteen
EXPLOITING THE AVAILABILITY OF MEDIA EXPOSURE
Chapter Sixteen
IDENTIFYING VENUES FOR LIVE PERFORMANCES
Chapter Seventeen
MAKING MONEY FROM MERCHANDISING, COMMERCIALS, AND CORPORATE SPONSORSHIP
Chapter Eighteen
TAKING A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE ARTISTS CAREER
Part 4CAREER MAINTENANCE AND CONTROLChapter Nineteen
UNDERSTANDING THE MANAGERS JUGGLING ACT: A CASE STUDY
Chapter Twenty
HELPING THE RECORD COMPANY HELP YOU
Chapter Twenty-One
MANAGING THE ARTISTS TOUR
Chapter Twenty-Two
EVALUATING THE ARTISTS PROGRESS
Chapter Twenty-Three
COPING WITH THE STRESS OF SUCCESS: A CASE STUDY
Chapter Twenty-Four
LEARNING HOW TO HOLD ON TO YOUR MONEY
Chapter Twenty-Five
CONTEMPLATING THE QUALITIES OF SUCCESSFUL ARTISTS
Appendix 1
AMERICAN FEDERATION OF MUSICIANS (AF OF M) BOOKING AGENT AGREEMENT
Appendix 2
AMERICAN FEDERATION OF MUSICIANS (AF OF M) PERFORMANCE AGREEMENT (LOCAL ENGAGEMENTS)
Appendix 3
AMERICAN FEDERATION OF MUSICIANS (AF OF M) PERFORMANCE AGREEMENT (TOURING)
Appendix 4
ASCAP MEMBERSHIP AGREEMENT
Appendix 5
MECHANICAL LICENSE AGREEMENT
Appendix 6
SONGWRITERS GUILD OF AMERICA WRITER-PUBLISHER CONTRACT
Appendix 7
POPULAR SONGWRITERS AGREEMENT
Appendix 8
EXCLUSIVE SONGWRITERS AGREEMENT
Appendix 9
MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT
Appendix 10
ARISTA RECORDING CONTRACT (EXCERPT)
Appendix 11
SIDE ARTIST AGREEMENT
Appendix 12
ORGANIZATIONS, UNIONS, AND GUILDS
Appendix 13
A CRASH COURSE IN TRADEMARKS FOR ARTISTS AND MANAGERS