B. Frank Brown - The Transition Of Youth To Adulthood: A Bridge Too Long

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THE TRANSITION OF YOUTH TO ADULTHOOD: A BRIDGE TOO LONG

The Transition of Youth to Adulthood: A Bridge Too Long

A Report to Educators, Sociologists, Legislators, and Youth Policymaking Bodies

National Commission on Youth

B. Frank Brown, Director
Established by the Charles F. Kettering Foundation

First published 1980 by Westview Press

Published 2019 by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1980 by the Charles F. Kettering Foundation

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
National Commission on Youth.
The transition of youth to adulthood: a bridge too long.
1. Youth policyUnited StatesAddresses, essays, lectures. 2. Conflict of generationsAddresses,
essays, lectures. 3. AdulthoodAddresses, essays, lectures.
I. Title.
HQ796.N3133 1980 301.43'15 79-20049

ISBN 13: 978-0-367-29670-4 (hbk)

Contents

1. Part 1
   Transition of Youth
2. Part 2
   Needs of Youth
3. Part 3
   Assessing Youth Policy
4. Part 4
   Evolving Youth Policy

1. Part 1
   Transition of Youth
2. Part 2
   Needs of Youth
3. Part 3
   Assessing Youth Policy
4. Part 4
   Evolving Youth Policy

Guide

The Charles F. Kettering Foundation expresses appreciation to the following individuals who responsibly and diligently served as members of the National Commission on Youth giving guidance and direction to the development of this report:

Gordon T. Bowden
Director, Educational Relations
American Telephone & Telegraph Company
New York, New York

Urie Bronfenbrenner
Professor, Department of Human Development and Family Studies
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York

James Coleman, Chairman of the Commission
Professor, Department of Sociology
University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois

Robert A. Davies
Vice President, Corporate Strategy
Armco Steel Corporation
Middletown, Ohio

Walter Davis
Director, Department of Education
AFL-CIO
Washington, D.C.

Dennis Gallagher
Associate Executive Director
National Manpower Institute
Washington, D.C.

George Gallup
Chairman, The Gallup Poll
American Institute of Public Opinion
Princeton, New Jersey

Willis W. Harman
Director, Educational Policy Research Center
Stanford Research Institute
Menlo Park, California

Robert T. McGee
Superintendent
Denton Independent School District
Denton, Texas

Anthony J. Moffett
Congressman
Sixth District, Connecticut
Washington, D.C.

William J. Saunders
Executive Assistant to the Superintendent
Public Schools of the District of Columbia
Washington, D.C.

Mildred K. Wurf
Coordinator
National Collaboration for Youth
Washington, D.C.

Ex Officio: Samuel G. Sava
Vice President and Special Assistant to the President
Charles F. Kettering Foundation
Dayton, Ohio

The Commission expresses its special appreciation to
Dr. David L. Manning. To him went the task
of pulling together the Commission's ideas, organizing
the tapes, compiling the notes, and distilling two years
of information into written form.

Perhaps the greatest challenge facing American society is the creation of new environments for youth. These new situations must be based upon a richer mix between youth and adults.

The family stands almost alone, weakly assisted by the teacher-student relationship, in supporting a framework of communication between the young and the old. The relationship of child to parent carries nearly the entire responsibility for cross-age communication. This paucity of youth/adult contacts makes the transition to adulthood a long and complex process.

Ralph Tyler, a distinguished scholar in American education for over fifty years, states the implications of separating youth from adults as follows:

The net result of this forced isolation has been to alienate young people from the adult society, to delay personal and social maturation, sometimes to inhibit permanently the development of responsibility because of overprotection from the consequence of personal actions.

American society cannot long endure without a means for a peaceful and effective transition of youth into adulthood.

This report constitutes a search for new environments for youth that will bring them into frequent, realistic contact with adults. The intent is to find a more effective way of bridging the gap between youth and adulthood.

The purpose of this new environmental mix is to provide youth with action-rich experiences designed to develop more effectively their capacities for managing their own affairs in a complex and changing world.

It is well established that the peer group is an inappropriate source for developing adult goals; yet the process of age grading in schools perpetuates a way of life in which young speak mostly to each other. This type of institutionalization nurtures the development of a youth counterculture and hinders the transmission of knowledge from generation to generation.

Sociologist Elise Boulding of the University of Colorado describes succinctly the inimical effects of age grading: "Age grading means that toddlers will be kept with toddlers; kindergarteners with kindergarteners; elementary, junior high, and senior high with each other; college and young married with their own; young parents with one another; middle years and retirees and golden-age folk with their own."

Age groups are wired together so tightly in school and society that, as Dean George Gerbner has said, "one short circuit will fry them all."

The report is unique. It embraces a comprehensive approach to the problems of youth. Unquestionably, many of the recommendations will spark controversy. This is not unintended. It is the Commission's hope that this report will initiate spirited, thoughtful public debate that will culminate in the development of a national youth policy.

B. Frank Brown
Director
National Commission on Youth

Ralph W. Tyler, "Tomorrow's Education," American Education, U.S. Department of HEW, Office of Education, August-September 1975, p. 17.

In this complex contemporary culture, it is unrealistic to expect any institution to be the exclusive environment for the transition of youth to adulthood. Yet society relies very heavily on the secondary school as the major institution to accomplish this task. Clearly, secondary schools need assistance.

The report of the National Commission on Youth is directed to the institutions and parties that must play an integral role in attempts to design new environments for youth. The recommendations are presented in summarized form here and substantiated in detail in the ensuing chapters. No importance should be attached to their numerical designation; they are presented in the order in which they appear in the report.

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