J. Theodore (James Theodore) Bent - Southern Arabia

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Lafayette, photo.Walker & Boutall ph. sc.

Signature: Theodore Bent

London. Published by Smith, Elder & Co. 15, Waterloo Place.

---

SOUTHERN ARABIA

BY

THEODORE BENT, F.R.G.S., F.S.A.

AUTHOR OF 'THE RUINED CITIES OF MASHONALAND' 'THE SACRED CITY OF THE ETHIOPIANS' 'THE CYCLADES, OR LIFE AMONG THE INSULAR GREEKS' ETC.

AND

MRS THEODORE BENT

WITH A PORTRAIT, MAPS, AND ILLUSTRATION

LONDON

SMITH, ELDER, & CO., 15 WATERLOO PLACE

1900

[All rights reserved]

---

PREFACE

If my fellow-traveller had lived, he intended to have put together in book form such information as we had gathered about Southern Arabia. Now, as he died four days after our return from our last journey there, I have had to undertake the task myself. It has been very sad to me, but I have been helped by knowing that, however imperfect this book may be, what is written here will surely be a help to those who, by following in our footsteps, will be able to get beyond them, and to whom I so heartily wish success and a Happy Home-coming, the best wish a traveller may have. It is for their information that I have included so many things about the price of camels, the payment of soldiers and so forth, and yet even casual readers may care to know these details of explorers' daily lives.

Much that is set down here has been published before, but a good deal is new.

My husband had written several articles in the Nineteenth Century, and by the kindness of the editor I have been able to make use of these; also I have incorporated the lectures he had given before the Royal Geographical Society and the British Association. The rest is from his note-books and from the 'Chronicles' that I always wrote during our journeys.

I thought at first of trying to keep our several writings apart; but, to avoid confusion of inverted commas, I decided, acting on advice, just to put the whole thing into as consecutive a form as possible, only saying that the least part of the writing is mine.

The bibliography is far from complete, as I can name only a few of the many books that my husband consulted on all the districts round those which we were going to penetrate.

As to the spelling of the Arabic, it must be remembered that it is a very widely spread language, and there are naturally many different forms of the same worde.g. ibn, ben, binand such very various ways of pronouncing the name of the Moslem prophet, that I have heard it pronounced Memet, Mamad and Mad.

I must give hearty thanks in both our names to all who helped us on in these journeys, and especially to Mr. Headlam , who has given me much assistance by going through the proofs of this book. Mr. W. C. Irvine has kindly provided the column of literary Arabic for the vocabulary.

MABEL VIRGINIA ANNA BENT.

13 Great Cumberland Place , W:

October 13, 1899.

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CONTENTS

		page
SOUTHERN ARABIA
chapter
Manamah and Moharek
The Mounds of Ali
Our Visit to Rufa'a
MASKAT
Some Historical Facts about Oman
Maskat and the Outskirts
THE HADHRAMOUT
Makalla
Our Departure into the Interior
The Akaba
Through Wadi Kasr
Our Sojourn at Koton
The Wadi Ser and Kabr Saleh
The City of Shibahm
Farewell to the Sultan of Shibahm
Harassed by our Guides
Retribution for our Foes
Coasting Eastward by Land
Coasting Westward by Sea
DHOFAR AND THE GARA MOUNTAINS
Merbat and Al Hafa
The Gara Tribe
The Gara Mountains
The Identification of Abyssapolis
Sailing from Kosseir to Aden
AN AFRICAN INTERLUDE: THE EASTERN SOUDAN
Coasting along the Red Sea
Halaib and Sawakin Kadim
Inland from Mersa Halaib
Mohammed Gol
'Dancing on Tom Tiddler's Ground, Picking up Gold'
Behind the Jebel Erba
THE MAHRI ISLAND OF SOKOTRA
Kalenzia
Eriosh and Kadhoup
Tamarida or Hadibo
We Depart for the Land's End , i.e. Ras Momi
Mount Haghier and Fereghet
Back to the Ocean
BELED FADHLI AND BELED YAFEI
Experiences with the Yafei Sultan
Among the Fadhli
From the Plain of Mis'hal to the Sea

---

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abu'lfida Ismael ibn Ali Imad ed din, Prince or King of Hamar.Gographie d'Aboulfida, traduite de l'Arabe et accompagne de notes et d'claircissements par M. Reinaud, par M. S. Guyard. Paris, 1848-83.

Baros, Joo de.Dos feitos que os Portugueses fizeram. 1778-80.

Binning, Robert.A Journal of Two Years' Travel in Persia, Ceylon, &c. 1857.

Bunbury, Sir E. H.Ancient Geography among the Greeks and Romans. 1879.

Cartas de Alfonzo de Albuquerque.Commentaries of Albuquerque, Hakluyt Society, translated by W. de G. Birch. 1875.

Carter, Dr.Paper in the Journal of the Asiatic Society. Bombay branch.

Chabas, Joseph.Les Inscriptions des Mines d'or. 1862.

Correa, Gaspar.Three Voyages of Vasco da Gama. Hakluyt Society, 1869.

Fernan Lopes de la Castanbeda.Historia do descubrimento e conquista da India pe los Portugueses. Lisbon, 1833.

Glaser, Eduard.Skizze der Geschichte der Geographie Sd-Arabiens. Berlin, 1890.

Goeje, J. de.Bibliotheca geographicorum Arabicorum. 1870-85. Mmoires d'histoire et de gographie orientales. 2nd edition, 1886.

Helps to the Study of the Bible.

Hommel, FritzSd-Arabische Chrestomathie und Mino-Sabischen Grammatik. Mnchen, 1893.

India Directory, Part I. 1874.

Miles, Colonel.Report of the Administration of the Persian Gulf Residency, 1884-88. Journey through Oman and Dhakrireh. Blue Book, ccxx.

Muhamad ibn Muhamad, Geographie d'Edrisi.Traduite de l'Arabe. Paris, 1836-40.

Muhammad ibn Abdallah, called Ibn Batuta.

Muhammad ibn Muhammad.Geographia Nubiensis, 1619, 4.

Mller, D. H.Epigraphische Denkmler aus Arabien (Denkschriften der K.K. Ak. der Wissenschaften Wien). Phil. Hist. Cl. 37, 1894. Himyarische Studien (Z. D. M., 30). 1870.

Palgrave, W. G.Narrative of a Year's Journey through Central Eastern Arabia. 1865.

Pollak, Dr. J. E.Das Land und seine Bewohner. 1865.

Sprenger Aloys.Brger und Schlsser Sd-Arabiens. Die Alte Geographie Arabiens.

Vincent, W.The Commerce and Navigation of the Ancients in the Indian Ocean. 1886.

Wellsted, Lieut.Visit to Dhofar in the 'Philomel.'

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