John Davidson - Learn How to Draw Land Animals - For the Absolute Beginner

Learn How to Draw

Land Animals

For the Absolute Beginner

Adrian Sanqui and John Davidson

HOW TO LEARN

Book Series

JD- Biz Publishing

All Rights Reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including scanning, photocopying, or otherwise without prior written permission from JD-Biz Corp and at http://JD-Biz.com . Copyright 2013

All Images Licensed by Adrian Sanqui

Fotolia and 123RF

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction: Drawing tools

Sketching Animals

Details

Shading

Drawing tools

Pencils

The most important tool you need to be able to enhance your drawing skill is a medium that can be corrected in case you make sloppy line strokes. It is better if you have pencils of different grades so you can have the kind of lightness or darkness you want to make. The H engraved near on the pencils tip (side of eraser) stand for hardness, it ranges from 2H to 9H. A pencil with only an H mark and doesnt have a number means 1H, the most common grade of a pencil (pencils without grade marks) is usually a 2H pencil. The B marking on the pencil stands for blackness, this means the pencil produces a darker marking and is softer than H pencils. It ranges from HB (hard and dark) to 9B (very soft and very dark), and this means the higher the grade, the softer and darker it becomes.

Mechanical pencil

A mechanical pencil has a consistent wick or point which makes it easier for you to maintain the thickness of the line marks you produce, instead of sharpening your pencil several times just to have a thin and constant fine point. Different grades of lead or graphite is also available for refilling your mechanical pencil, just makes sure that the size of the point your pencil has is also the same as the pencil leads you refill it with.

Sharpener

A regular sharpener is quite dependable if you are using H and low B pencils, but if you are going to use it to sharpen a pencil with very soft graphite cores, it may keep on breaking, most especially if you will use it for a charcoal lead pencil. A good substitute for regular sharpeners is a cutter, so you can easily control the pressure just enough to expose the core and make a fine point. Cutters are often used if you want a chisel point pencil that is very helpful for thick and thin linings.

Erasers

Having an eraser is essential if you are going to use a pencil for drawing. Choose a rubber eraser that is soft and not the ones that leave a faint color or worst is a scratch on the paper. Dont leave your eraser lying around on the table or just anywhere, keep it on a pencil case or anything that can protect it from being exposed to air for too long because some erasers (cheaper ones) harden when its left to dry out.

A kneadable eraser is very helpful for making highlights and reaching hardly accessible areas such as the gloss on the eyes or light portions of fingernails and such. It usually looks like a gray slab or a small bar of clay that can be molded or deformed to any shape you desire. It doesnt rub off the marking like usual erasers, but instead, it lifts off the graphite from the paper, like absorbing it. Instead of rubbing the eraser with a certain pressure to remove a marking, carefully dab on the portions you want to erase or decrease the applied graphite or charcoal, until you recover the brightness (whiteness of the paper) you want.

Smudge stick

A smudge stick is used for smearing the shades on the portions that are hard to access. Some artists dull down the other tip so it can be used for distributing the shades on the general areas. To avoid ruining the smudge stick, use a sand paper to make a blunter tip or to make it even pointier.

Sketching Animals

The contour shape

To properly construct the figure of any subject you want to illustrate, observe the structure of its form and find what kind of shape that can resemble its body structure.

The idea is to have a basis for portraying the mass of the figure. The basic shapes can be easily positioned upon your desired perspective or point of view.

The main outline is the most important element for the subject to be distinguishable. Remember that the basic figure (basic shapes) is mainly a basis for its mass in the simplest form, this is just a way for you to see the subject as a multidimensional figure, and any change in position will gradually change the manner of how the figure should be outlined.

The primary outline may overlap, replace, or replicate the basic figure.

If the portions of your animal are smoothly spherical (circles used to simplify the form), then the primary outline would simply overlap or replicate the simplified form, but if the part has ridges such as the face of the animal (nose, eyeholes, cheeks etc...) then the basic form should be modified to illustrate the exact shape of the head.

Observe the first sphere. The linear shades do not bend properly with the contour shape but it can show the dimensions by leaving the center of the sphere unmarked. These are hatches that use the point of light as a reference.

The linear shades on the second sphere bend with the contour shape of the figure. The lines show the proportions by interpreting the form by flowing with it. These hatches use the point of light and the manner of its bend to show dimensions.