Rape
Published by
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The editors and contributors 2009
All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publishers or a licence permitting copying in the UK issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 610 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.
First published 2009
ISBN 978-1-84392-520-0 paperback
978-1-84392-519-4 hardback
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Project managed by Deer Park Productions, Tavistock, Devon
Typeset by GCS, Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire
Printed and bound by T.J. International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall
Contents
Miranda A. H. Horvath and Jennifer M. Brown
Gerd Bohner, Friederike Eyssel, Afroditi Pina, Frank Siebler and G. Tendayi Viki
Roger Giner-Sorolla and Pascale S. Russell
Jenny Kitzinger
Hannah Frith
Jo Lovett and Miranda A. H. Horvath
Aisha Gill
Maddy Coy
Betsy Stanko and Emma Williams
Stephanie OKeeffe, Jennifer M. Brown and Evanthia Lyons
Camille Hamidi
Vanessa E. Munro and Liz Kelly
Barbara Krah and Jennifer Temkin
Jennifer M. Brown and Miranda A. H. Horvath
List of tables and figures
Tables
Content categories and exemplar items of the Acceptance of Modern Myths about Sexual Aggression (AMMSA) scale |
Prevalence of alcohol/drug-related rape and sexual assault |
Socio-demographic profiles of victims and perpetrators according to victim consumption |
Number of victim vulnerabilities according to their consumption of alcohol/drugs |
Socio-demographic profiles of victims and perpetrators according to perpetrator consumption |
Predicted probability of attention depending on the number of vulnerabilities |
Number of participants in each group mentioning cues to deception |
Conviction and acquittal rates for different violent and sexual offences |
Figures
Effects of RMA on judgement of defendant guilt: increase with the amount of irrelevant information presented |
Effects of RMA on judgements of defendant guilt increase with the illusion of being informed |
RMA moderates effects of rape salience on womens gender-related self-esteem |
Participants own RMA and perceived RMA norm jointly affect mens rape proclivity |
The seventh demand of the Womens Liberation Movement |
Distribution of cases in arenas according to victim consumption |
Distribution of cases in arenas according to perpetrator consumption |
Attrition in reported rape cases in England and Wales 19852006 |
Places within the criminal justice system where rape cases are dropped |
List of abbreviations
ABE | Achieving Best Evidence |
ACPO | Association of Chief Police Officers |
AIC | Australian Institute of Criminology |
AMMSA | Acceptance of Modern Myths about Sexual Aggression Scale |
ATR | Attitudes Towards Rape Scale |
BME | Black and Minority Ethnic |
BMER | Black, Minority Ethnic and Refugee |
CA | Conversation Analysis |
CADS | Community, Autonomy and Divinity Scale |
CJS | Criminal Justice System |
CPS | Crown Prosecution Service |
CResPP | Centre for Research in Political Psychology |
CRIS | Crime Report Information System |
CRP | Crime Reduction Programme |
CRP VAWI | Crime Reduction Programme Violence Against Women Initiative |
CWASU | Child and Woman Abuse Studies Unit |
DPP | Director of Public Prosecutions |
EKS | Evaluative Knowledge Structure |
ELM | Elaboration Likelihood Model |
ESRC | Economic and Social Research Council |
FGM | Female Genital Mutilation |
HMCPSI | Her Majestys Crown Prosecution Service Inspectorate |
HMIC | Her Majestys Inspectorate of Constabulary |
IRMA | Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale |
ISRA | International Society for Research on Aggression |
MPS | Metropolitan Police Service |
NDM | Naturalistic Decision-Making |
OIC | Officer in Charge |
PJAQ | Pretrial Juror Attitude Questionnaire |
PTSD | Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder |
Q&A | Question and Answer |
RCNE | Rape Crisis Network Europe |
RMA | Rape Myth Acceptance |
RMAS | Rape Myth Acceptance Scale |
SARC | Sexual Assault Referral Centre |
SOLO | Sexual Offence Liaison Officer |
SORI | Sexual Offences Research Initiative |
SOTP | Sexual Offences Treatment Programme |
VAW | Violence Against Women |
WLM | Womens Liberation Movement |
WRC | War on Rape Collective |
Acknowledgements
Miranda and Jennifer would like to thank numerous people without whom this edited collection would not have been possible. This collection emerged out of a series of seminars funded by the British Psychological Society and from which the Sexual Offences Research Initiative was developed. The seminars were lively affairs and we struggled with some contentious issues and were enlivened and challenged by the different disciplinary backgrounds that the seminar participants possessed between them. It really was a privilege to be part of such a committed and inquiring group of people. We would like to thank everyone who took part and especially those who helped to organise the events. We jointly decided that we wished to share our enthusiasm for this project not least because we collectively wanted to contribute to thinking that might just address the justice gap experienced by women who have been sexually assaulted and raped. Several additional authors were approached after the seminars to contribute chapters to this collection and we would like to thank them for being so willing to engage with us in this project. Producing this collection has been a real team effort and we would like to thank all of the contributors for their insights, promptness in producing copy, openness to editorial suggestions and their tireless support for the project. We would also like to thank Brian Willan and his colleagues at Willan Publishing for their assistance and advice with the editing process. We are also grateful to Jo Edward Lewis for his invaluable work preparing the collection for publication. We would like to dedicate this collection to the women who have the courage to come forward and make complaints to the police and the many thousands of women who go unheard and unsupported and have to do the best they can to endure sexual violence.