Panama City, Panama's Pacific Islands & Coln
Patricia KatzmanHunter Publishing, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher.
This guide focuses on recreational activities. As all such activities contain elements of risk, the publisher, author, affiliated individuals and companies disclaim any responsibility for any injury, harm, or illness that may occur to anyone through, or by use of, the information in this book. Every effort was made to insure the accuracy of information in this book, but the publisher and author do not assume, and hereby disclaim, any liability or any loss or damage caused by errors, omissions, misleading information or potential travel problems caused by this guide, even if such errors or omissions result from negligence, accident or any other cause.
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- Introduction
- Using this Guide
- History
- Geography
- Topography
- Climate
- TEMPERATURE & RAINFALL
- Flora & Fauna
- Plants
- Trees
- Birds
- Mammals
- Preservation
- National Parks
- Government
- Economy
- Panams People
- Food & Drink
- Holidays
- Festivals & Events
- Top 20 Attractions
- Shopping
- Official Matters
- Documentation
- Emergency Telephone Numbers
- Hospitals
- Health & Safety
- Ready, Get Set, Go!
- When to Go
- Information Sources
- Communications
- Telephones
- Internet
- Mail & Shipping Services
- Currency & Banking
- Electricity
- Foreign Embassies
- Time Zone
- What to Take
- Customs & Courtesies
- Special Considerations
- Travelers with Disabilities
- Traveling with Children
- Gay & Lesbian Travelers
- Getting Here
- Getting Around
- Tour Operators
- In Panam
- In the US and UK
- Where to Stay
- Hotels & Resorts
- Bed & Breakfasts
- Hostals & Pensiones
- Campgrounds & RV Resorts
- THE AUTHORS FAVORITE PLACES TO STAY
- For More Information
- Useful Web Sites
- Recommended Reading
- Panam Province
- Panam City
- Overview
- History
- The Modern Capital
- Getting Here
- Getting Around
- Sightseeing & Touring
- PANAMA CANAL FACTS
- Adventures
- Shopping
- Where to Stay
- Where to Eat
- Entertainment
- The Pacific Islands
- Taboga Island
- Islas de Las Perlas (Pearl Islands)
- Overview
- Getting Here
- Adventures
- Where to Stay
- Where to Eat
- Eastern Panam Province
- Sightseeing & Touring
- Nusagandi Nature Reserve
- Panagator Crocodile Park
- Adventures
- On Foot
- On Water
- Where to Stay & Eat
- Western Panam Province
- Adventures
- On Foot
- On Water
- On Wheels
- Where to Stay & Eat
- Coln Province
- Overview
- History
- Getting Here & Getting Around
- Coln City
- History
- Coln City Today
- West of the Canal
- Sightseeing & Touring
- Adventures
- Where to Stay & Eat
- East of the Canal
- Portobelo
- History
- Portobelo Today
- Getting Here
- Sightseeing & Touring
- Adventures
- Where to Stay
- Where to Eat
- Isla Grande
- Adventures
- Where to Stay
- Where to Eat
- Spanish Vocabulary
- Days of the Week
- Months of the Year
- Time
- Directions
- In Traffic
- Landmarks
- Emergency
- Numbers
- Hotels
- Shopping
- Food & Drink
- Civilities
- Useful Words & Phrases
Government
Panam is a republic with a constitution that guarantees its citizens freedom of speech and religion. Citizens 18 years and older have the right to vote in elections. The government is headed by a president and two vice-presidents elected by the people to a five-year term. Twelve appointed ministers of state make up the cabinet Council. The legislative assemblys 72 members, elected by popular vote, also serve a five-year term. The Supreme Courts nine-member judiciary, appointed by the president, serves for 10 years.
Panams nine provinces are Darin , Panam , Coln , Cocl , Los Santos , Herrera , Veraguas , Bocas del Toro and Chiriqu ; each has a governor appointed by the executive branch. There are also five indigenous comarcas - lands administered autonomously by Panams native peoples. They are: the Kuna comarcas of Wargandi , Madungandi , and Kuna Yala ; Comarca Ngbe-Bugl ; and Comarca Cemaco (Ember/Wounaan). Although they are independently governed, citizens of the comarcas vote in the countrys elections and can have representatives in the congress.
Economy
Panams citizens enjoy the highest per capita income in all Central America, and almost two-thirds are urban dwellers. Commerce and trade have fueled Panams economy ever since early 16th-century conquistadors first hauled looted treasure across the isthmus for shipment on to Spain. The countrys modern economy developed along this same corridor in the late 19th and early 20th centuries during construction of the railroad and the US canal.
The Panama Canal continues to be the most important single factor in the economy, with revenue generated by tolls and the jobs it provides, both directly and indirectly. More than one-half of the population now live and work at either end of the corridor in or near Panam City and Coln.
Although 25% of Panams workers are employed in agriculture, most are subsistence farmers. Panams largest export cash crop is bananas , followed by sugar , coffee and tobacco .
Panam is an international banking center , hosting 100 international banks that provide 11,000 jobs, while the Coln Free Zone , established 54 years ago, continues to expand with an annual turnover of about $11 billion.
Because of the long dependence on commercial activity, promoting tourism wasnt a priority until the late 1990s. The number of visitors increased slowly until after the 1999 elections, when newcomers lacking experience and know-how replaced seasoned government tourism officials. Despite a staggering increase in promotional budgets, tourism dropped. At about the same time, the countrys economy suffered a major blow. During the last years of the 20th century an estimated $300,000,000 generated annually by US military and civilian personnel evaporated along when the canals operation reverted to Panam. The tourism bureaus own slogan, touting Panam as the best kept secret, had come true.
But in recent years, Panams been getting a lot of play in the press. Miss Universe 2002 was Panamanian. The 2003 Miss Universe Pageant was held in Panam City, and a recent US edition of the popular Survivor television series was filmed in the countrys Pearl Islands. Its impossible to keep a treasure like Panam under wraps, and once again it is on the brink of discovery - this time not by treasure seekers and plunderers, but by travelers in search of adventure in an unspoiled natural environment.