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Robert Palmieri - The Piano: An Encyclopedia

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Robert Palmieri The Piano: An Encyclopedia

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First Published in 2011. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company

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Piano AN ENCYCLOPEDIA Second Edition ENCYCLOPEDIA OF KEYBOARD INSTRUMENTS - photo 1
Piano
AN ENCYCLOPEDIA
Second Edition
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF KEYBOARD INSTRUMENTS

Robert Palmieri, Series Editor

Piano, Second Edition
Robert Palmieri, Editor
Margaret W.Palmieri, Associate Editor

Harpsichord and Clavichord
Igor Kipnis, Senior Editor
Robert Zappulla, Editor

Organ
Douglas E.Bush, Editor

Piano
AN ENCYCLOPEDIA
Second Edition

Robert Palmieri, Editor
Margaret W.Palmieri, Associate Editor

Published in 2003 by Routledge 29 West 35th Street New York NY 10001 - photo 2

Published in 2003 by
Routledge
29 West 35th Street
New York, NY 10001
www.routledge-ny.com

Published in Great Britain by
Routledge
11 New Fetter Lane
London EC4P 4EE
www.routledge.co.uk

Copyright 1994, 1996, 2003 by Robert Palmieri

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group.

This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.

To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledges collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of the Piano/editor, Robert Palmieri; associate editor,
Margaret W.Palmieri.2nd ed.p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-415-93796-5 (hardback : acid-free paper)
1. PianoDictionaries. I.Palmieri, Robert, 1930- II. Palmieri, Margaret W.
ML102.P5E53 2003
786.203dc21
2003002696

ISBN 0-203-42702-5 Master e-book ISBN

ISBN 0-203-43916-3 (Adobe eReader Format)

DEDICATION

In honor of the Paduan artisan, Bartolomeo Cristofori, who started it all.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Keyboard ranges

The generation of a sine-wave

The principle of constructive and destructive interference

Standing transverse wave with nodes and antinodes

Resultant wave form of the fundamental and first two overtones

Resultant wave form of the first six partials of a tone

Oscillograph trace of a piano sound and the resulting envelope

Damped vibration

Decay curve for a1 (trichord)

Beats

Decay curve for AAA (monochord)

Decay curve AA (dichord)

Resonance of the soundboard

Grand piano action (contemporary) and surrounding parts by Steinway & Sons

Anglo-German action

Down-strike action by Pape, 1839 (from the patent)

English Grand Action by John Broadwood & Sons, 1795

Repetition Action with Double Escapement by Erard, 1822

Upright Pianoforte Action by Domenico Del Mela, 1739

Upright (Vertical) Piano Action (contemporary) by Baldwin

Upright Tape-Check Action by Wornum, 18421852

Agraffes

Duplex Scale by Steinway & Sons

The American Ampico reproducing piano

Grand pianoforte by Ludwig Bsendorfer

Clockwork-driven barrel piano

Boardman & Gray

Bridge

Frederic Horace Clark and his Harmonie-Piano

Earliest extant Cristofori Pianoforte, 1720

Scipione Maffeis diagram of the Cristofori action

Harpsichord Jack

Cristoforis action for his pianoforte of 1720

Upright Pianoforte (1739) by Domenico Del Mela

Vertical (Upright) Pianoforte Action by Domenico Del Mela, 1739

Beethoven, Waldstein Sonata Op. 53

Legato octaves

Sliding

Double thirds

Pyramidenflgel [Pyramid grand] 1745by Christian Ernst Friederici

Action by Domenico Del Mela

Claviharpe by Johann Christian Dietz, 1814

Square piano by John Broadwood & Sons

The Technicon by James Brotherhood

The Piano Dactylion

A set of keys rests on a keyframe

Advertisement for Krakauer Bros

The MirrApiano ca. 1950

Automatic piano-orchestrion

Weber expression piano

A view of overstringing (or cross-stringing) in an upright piano

Square piano by Jean-Henri Pape (1840)

Table of Partials

Mozart, Piano Concerto in C Major. K. 503

Mozart, Fantasia in C Minor, K. 475

Debain Piano Mcanique

Grand piano pinblock

Frequencies of the tonal scale of a piano

Cast iron plates

Push-up Player Piano

Key-top player

Prellmechanik without escapement

Prellmechanik with escapement

Prellmechanik with adjustable escapement

Regulating the action

Section of Baldwin grand piano action

A Duo-Art reproducing piano

Reproducing cabinet player action

Ribs

Square piano by William Rolfe and Sons

Piano-Orchestrion

A John Longman automatic piano

Square piano by Longman & Broderip

Square piano by Broadwood

Concert Grand by Steinway & Sons

Hand-turned barrel piano

Yamaha DX1 Programmable FM Digital Synthesizer

Tangent action by Jan Skrski

Fotoplayer

Number of beats per second for fifths, fourths, and thirds

An example of a tuning sequence

Upright piano

Hupfeld Phonoliszt Violina

Virgil Perfected Practice Clavier

An advertisement of the Virgil Practice Clavier

Welte reproducing cabinet piano

INTRODUCTION

When the Paduan instrument maker Bartolomeo Cristofori devised his first pianoforte, it is doubtful that he foresaw the overwhelming universal acceptance it eventually achieved. The instrument hit its peak in development and production in the nineteenth century but has continued to maintain its prominent position in the concert world and the home. This ability to endure shows us how vital the instrument has been to our musical environment. The piano celebrated its 300th anniversary in the year 2000, and to help honor the event the first edition of this volume has been updated. The piano volume of the Encyclopedia of Keyboard Instruments highlights the pianos long evolution up to the year 2002, when this second edition was completed.

One will find many subjects that are explored in depth. On the other hand there are subjects that warrant only simple definitions. An earnest attempt has been made to see that new information regarding the piano has been incorporated. In selecting the topics for this volume, every effort was made to be as comprehensive as possible; it is not possible, of course, to cover all piano companies, all piano makers/builders, all countries that produce pianos, and so on. We did, however, attempt to include the most important builders and companies.

The composers with entries in the piano volume are there because they had a direct or indirect influence on the development of the instrument, not because they wrote piano music. This volume deals primarily with the instrument itself, although one will find a few ancillary topics, for example, piano music, pedagogy, technic, touch, and the like.

The reader will find birth/death dates in the index for most persons mentioned in the volume. Dates were only entered in the text when pertinent to that article. The index will also be useful in locating the many other piano builders/makers and piano companies that are mentioned in the text but not examined in depth. The index is helpful in finding the many individual parts of the piano and where they are discussed. As a cross reference aid, items in the text that are in small caps are article titles and one can investigate further by going directly to the item so marked.

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