Joseph M. Hawes - The Family in America: An Encyclopedia (2 Volumes) (American Family Series)

Cover

Page i

THE FAMILY IN AMERICA

An Encyclopedia

Page ii

The six titles that make up The American Family offer a revitalizing new take on U.S. history, surveying current culture from the perspective of the family and incorporating insights from psychology, sociology, and medicine. Each two-volume, A-to-Z encyclopedia features its own advisory board, editorial slant, and apparatus, including illustrations, bibliography, and index.

Parenthood in America

Edited by Lawrence Balter, New York University

Adolescence in America

Edited by Jacqueline V. Lerner, Boston College, and Richard M. Lerner, Tufts University; Jordan W. Finkelstein, Pennsylvania State University, Advisory Editor

Girlhood in America

Edited by Miriam Forman-Brunell, University of Missouri, Kansas City

Boyhood in America

Edited by Priscilla Ferguson Clement, Pennsylvania State University, Delaware County, and Jacqueline S. Reinier, California State University, Sacramento

Infancy in America

Edited by Alice Sterling Honig, Emerita, Syracuse University; Hiram E. Fitzgerald, Michigan State University; and Holly E. Brophy-Herb, Michigan State University

The Family in America

Edited by Joseph M. Hawes, University of Memphis, and Elizabeth F. Shores, Little Rock, Arkansas

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An Encyclopedia

Volume 1 AG

Volume 2 HW

Joseph M. Hawes

University of memphis

With the Assistance of

Elizabeth F. Shores

University of Arkansas

Foreword by Steven Mintz

Santa Barbara, California

Denver, Colorado

Oxford, England

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Credit line: Abortion by Rickie Solinger from THE READERS COMPANION TO U.S. WOMENS HISTORY, edited by Wilma Mankiller et al. Copyright 1998 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Adapted and reprinted by permission of Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2001 by Joseph M. Hawes

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publishers.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Hawes, Joseph M.

The family in America : an encyclopedia / Joseph M. Hawes ; foreword by Steven Mintz.

p. cm. (The American family)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 1-57607-232-0 (hardcover : alk. paper) e-book ISBN 1-57607-703-9

1. FamilyUnited StatesEncyclopedias. I. Title. II. Series.

HQ536.H365 2001

306.85097303dc21

2002000394

06 05 04 03 02 01 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an e-book. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details.

ABC-CLIO, Inc.

130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911

Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Manufactured in the United States of America

Page v

Sally Helvenston

Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI

Peter W. Bardaglio

Goucher CollegeBaltimore, MD

Steven Mintz

University of HoustonHouston, TX

Elizabeth Rose

Trinity CollegeWest Hartford, CT

Steven Noll

University of FloridaGainesville, FL

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Page vii

Contents

A-to-Z List of Entries ix

Contributors and Their Entries xiii

Foreword, Steven Mintz xxi

Preface and Acknowledgments xxv

Introduction xxvii

Volume 1: Entries A-G

Volume 2: Entries HW

Bibliography

Index 1019

About the Editor 1075

Page viii

Page ix

• Volume 1, AG
• A
• Abortion
  
• AD/HD
  
• Adolescence
  
• Adoptive Parents
  
• Adultery
  
• Affection as a Basis for Marriage
  
• African American Families
  
• After-School Care
  
• Aid to Families with Dependent Children
  
• AIDS and the Family
  
• Alcohol and Drug Abuse in Families
  
• Alimony
  
• American Family Association
  
• Anorexia Nervosa
  
• Apprenticeship
  
• Asian American Families
  
• B
• Baby Boom
  
• Baby M
  
• Baby Sitting
  
• Banns
  
• Birth Control
  
• Birth Order, Theories of
  
• Blended Families
  
• Breast-Feeding
  
• Bulimia
  
• Burgess, Ernest W.
  
• C
• Cambridge Group for History of Population and Social Structure
  
• Celibacy
  
• Child Abuse
  
• Child Advocacy
  
• Child Care
  
• Child Custody
  
• Child Development
  
• Child Health Improvement and Protection Act of 1968
  
• Child Labor
  
• Child Welfare Policy
  
• Childbirth, Medical Practices of
  
• Children as Parents
  
• Childrens Bureau, U.S.
  
• The Childrens Defense Fund
  
• Common-Law Marriage
  
• Communes, Families in
  
• The Companionate Family
  
• Complex Marriage
  
• Cooperative Extension Service
  
• Courtship, History of
  
• Cults, Families in
  
• D
• Davis, Katharine Bement
  
• Decoration Day
  
• Delinquency

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• Demography of the Family
  
• Department of Housing and Urban Development, U.S.
  
• Disabilities and Family Life
  
• Discipline and Punishment
  
• Divorce, History of
  
• Domestic Violence
  
• Drug and Alcohol Abuse
  
• E
• Early Childhood Education
  
• Earned Income Tax Credit
  
• Eating Disorders
  
• Educational Achievement of Parents
  
• Ellis, Havelock
  
• Erikson, Erik
  
• Eugenics and the American Family
  
• Extended Family
  
• F
• Family and Film
  
• Family and Medical Leave Act
  
• Family and the Law
  
• Family as a Political Theme