Richard Towell - Approaches to Second Language Acquisition
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MULTILINGUAL MATTERS LTD Clevedon Philadelphia Adelaide
title
:
Approaches to Second Language Acquisition
author
:
Towell, Richard.; Hawkins, Roger
publisher
:
Multilingual Matters
isbn10 | asin
:
1853592358
print isbn13
:
9781853592355
ebook isbn13
:
9780585171531
language
:
English
subject
Second language acquisition--Methodology.
publication date
:
1994
lcc
:
P118.2.T68 1994eb
ddc
:
418
subject
:
Second language acquisition--Methodology.
Page ii
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Towell, Richard Approaches to Second Language Acquisition/Richard Towell and Roger Hawkins p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Second language acquisition-Methodology. I. Hawkins, Roger (Roger D.) II. Title P118.2.T68 1994 418-dc20 93-50615
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 1-85359-235-8 (hbk) ISBN 1-85359-234-X (pbk)
Multilingual Matters Ltd
UK: Frankfurt Lodge, Clevedon Hall, Victoria Road, Clevedon, Avon BS21 7SJ. USA:1900 Frost Road, Suite 101, Bristol, PA 19007, USA. Australia:P.O. Box 6025, 83 Gilles Street, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
Copyright 1994 Richard Towell and Roger Hawkins
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher.
Typeset, printed and bound in Great Britain by the Longdunn Press, Bristol.
Page iii
Contents
Acknowledgements
vii
Introduction
1
1. The Observable Phenomena of Second Language Acquisition
7
There is transfer of properties of the L1 grammar into the L2 grammar
7
There is staged development in second language acquisition
10
There is systematicity in the growth of L2 knowledge across learners
11
There is variability in learners' intuitions about, and production of, aspects of the L2 at certain stages of development
13
Second language learners stop short of native-like success in a number of areas of the L2 grammar
14
Summary
15
2. Early Linguistic Approaches to Explaining the Observable Phenomena of Second Language Acquisition
17
The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis
17
Evaluation of the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis
18
The Natural Order Hypothesis
23
The morpheme studies
23
Krashen's five hypotheses
25
Evaluation of the Natural Order Hypothesis
28
Summary
31
3. Sociolinguistic Approaches to Explaining the Observable Phenomena of Second Language Acquisition
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