BLACK BODIES AND QUANTUM CATS
TALES FROM THE ANNALS OF PHYSICS
Jennifer Ouellette
Foreword by Alan Chodos, Ph.D.
Penguin Books
PENGUIN BOOKS
Published by the Penguin Group
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First published in Penguin Books 2005
Copyright Jennifer Ouellette, 2005
Foreword copyright Alan Chodos, 2005
All rights reserved
Portions of this book were published as Pollocks Fractals ( Discover, issue of November 2001), Teaching Old Masters New Tricks ( Discover, December 2001), and Bubble, Bubble: The Physics of Foam ( Discover , June 2002).
ILLUSTRATION CREDITS:
p. iii Illustration by Nicholas Blechman; p. 11 Nicholaus Copernicus Museum, Frombork; p. 19 Illustration by David Wood; p. 24 The British Library; p. 31 Illustration by Patrick Moore; p. 41 LIGO Laboratory; p. 49 The Bakken Library and Museum; p. 54 Adventures in Cybersound/Russell Naughton; p. 64 The Bakken Library and Museum; p. 76 Daniel Bernoulli, Hydrodynamica (1738);p. 98 Foyle Special Collections Library, Kings College, London; p. 102 Library of Congress; p. 117 Tesla Memorial Society of New York; p. 122 Adventures in Cybersound/Russell Naughton; p. 126 Museum of American Heritage; p. 133 Barry Truax, Handbook for Acoustic Ecology ; p. 154 By permission of the Warden and Fellows, New College, Oxford; p. 155 Illustration by John Blamire, Brooklyn College/ CUNY; pp. 16566 Illustrations by Paul Dlugokencky; p. 189 Xerox Corporation; p. 205 Stanford University; p. 210 NASA/Johnson Space Center; p. 217 Museum of Science, Boston; p. 222 Laser Center, Hanover, Germany; p. 235 (top) CNF, Cornell University, (bottom) CCMR/CNF, Cornell University; p. 250 Photograph by C. D. Anderson, courtesy AIP Emilio Segr Visual Archives; p. 264 The Library Company of Philadelphia; p. 296 Illustration by Paul Dlugokencky.
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Ouellette, Jennifer.
Black bodies and quantum cats: tales from the annals of physics / Jennifer Ouellette.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN: 978-1-1012-2140-2
1. PhysicsHistory. I. Title.
QC7.O89 2005
530'.09dc22 2005043370
The scanning, uploading, and distribution of this book via the Internet or via any other means without the permission of the publisher is illegal and punishable by law. Please purchase only authorized electronic editions, and do not participate in or encourage electronic piracy of copyrighted materials. Your support of the authors rights is appreciated.
FOR CAMI, EMILY, KATHRYN, MORGAN, AND RYAN.
MAY YOU ALWAYS BE CURIOUS ABOUT
THE WORLD AROUND YOU.
Contents
1509: PUBLICATION OF DE DIVINA PROPORTIONE
1542: PUBLICATION OF DE REVOLUTIONIBUS
CIRCA 1590: INVENTION OF THE MICROSCOPE
JANUARY 7, 1610: GALILEO DISCOVERS MOONS OF JUPITER
JULY 1687: PUBLICATION OF NEWTONS PRINCIPIA
JUNE 1752: FRANKLINS KITE EXPERIMENT
1807: INVENTION OF THE CAMERA LUCIDA
1820: FIRST EVIDENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETISM
CIRCA 1840S: BABBAGES ANALYTICAL ENGINE
SEPTEMBER 24, 1852: FIRST DIRIGIBLE TAKES FLIGHT
JUNE 1871: MAXWELL AND HIS DEMON
NOVEMBER 1872: DEATH OF MARY SOMERVILLE
MARCH 10, 1876: FIRST DOCUMENTED TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN SPEECH
1884: FIRST U.S. ROLLER COASTER OPENS A CONEY ISLAND
MAY 1888: TESLA AND ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION
FEBRUARY 2, 1893: EDISON FILMS A SNEEZE
1895: TESLA DEMONSTRATES WIRELESS RADIO
NOVEMBER 8, 1895: ROENTGEN DISCOVERS X RAYS
OCTOBER 1897: DISCOVERY OF THE ELECTRON
OCTOBER 1900: PLANCK INTRODUCES QUANTA
JUNE 1905: EINSTEIN INTRODUCES SPECIAL RELATIVITY
MARCH 16, 1926: LAUNCH OF THE FIRST LIQUID-FUEL ROCKET
1935: SCHRDINGERS QUANTUM CAT
OCTOBER 1938: FIRST XEROGRAPHIC COPY
JULY 1945: THE TRINITY TEST
JUNE 24, 1947: THE SHELTER ISLAND CONFERENCE
1948: REDDI-WIP APPEARS ON THE MARKET
MAY 13, 1958: VELCRO TRADEMARK REGISTERED
DECEMBER 1958: INVENTION OF THE LASER
DECEMBER 29, 1959: FEYNMANS CLASSIC CALTECH LECTURE
CIRCA JANUARY 1961: LORENZ AND THE BUTTERFLY EFFECT
JULY 1963: DISCOVERY OF COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND RADIATION
APRIL 1994: DISCOVERY OF THE TOP QUARK
MAY 1997: DEEP BLUE DEFEATS KASPAROV
DECEMBER 1998: DISCOVERY OF THE ACCELERATING UNIVERSE
FEBRUARY 2001: SOLUTION TO SOLAR NEUTRINO PROBLEM
SEPTEMBER 2002: SCHOEN FOUND GUILTY OF SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT
OCTOBER 2003: NOVA SPECIAL ON STRING THEORY
Foreword
P hysics has the reputation, not entirely undeserved, of being a difficult subject. Books about physics are often avoided, and thats too bad, because the questions that engage physicists are of interest to anyone with curiosity about the universe we live in.
The story of physics, as played out in the lives of physicists, inventors, and entrepreneurs, is deeply human and belies the stereotype of the scientist as guided only by strict rationality and objective reason. Progress in physics involves a lot of art as well as science. The way physics really happens cannot be found in the pages of professional journals alone.
In an astonishing performance, Jennifer Ouellette manages to weave all these elements together in a fascinating blend of history, science, and literary allusion. She takes the broadest possible view of physics, writing about milestones like the publication of Newtons Principia , but also about the invention of the roller coaster, and the quantum mysteries of Schrdingers cat. As someone who was trained in English literature and has pursued a successful career as a science writer and editor, she brings an unusual set of talents to the creation of a unique work.