Samuel Krislov - How Nations Choose Product Standards and Standards Change Nations (Pitt Series in Policy and Institutional Studies)
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How Nations Choose Product Standards and Standards Change Nations (Pitt Series in Policy and Institutional Studies)
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How Nations Choose Product Standards and Standards Change Nations Pitt Series in Policy and Institutional Studies
author
:
Krislov, Samuel.
publisher
:
University of Pittsburgh Press
isbn10 | asin
:
0822956225
print isbn13
:
9780822956228
ebook isbn13
:
9780585067575
language
:
English
subject
Standardization, Commercial products--Standards.
publication date
:
1997
lcc
:
T59.K75 1997eb
ddc
:
338/.002/18
subject
:
Standardization, Commercial products--Standards.
Page i
How Nations Choose Product Standards and Standards Change Nations
Page ii
Pitt Series in Policy and Institutional Studies
Bert A. Rockman, Editor
Page iii
How Nations Choose Product Standards and Standards Change Nations
Samuel Krislov
Page iv
Published by the University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, Pa. 15261 Copyright 1997, University of Pittsburgh Press All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America Printed on acid-free paper
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Krislov, Samuel. How nations choose product standards and standards change nations / Samuel Krislov. p. cm. (Pitt series in policy and institutional studies) Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-8229-3969-X (cloth : acid-free paper). ISBN 0-8229-5622-5 (pbk. : acid-free paper) 1. Standardization. 2. Commerical productsStandards. 1. Title. II. Series. T59.K75 1997 338'.002'18dc21 96-45919 CIP
A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library.
Page v
CONTENTS
Preface
vii
Part I. A Standards Primer
1 An Introduction to Standards: What They Do and Do Not Do
3
2 The Diverse Strands of Standardization
26
3 The Many Faces of Standards
53
Part II. American Standards: A System That Just Grew
4 Standards in American History
83
5 The American "System" of Standards
104
Part III. Other Systems, Other Functions
6 Standards in the European Community: Building Blocks toward Integration?
137
7 Standards and the Japanese Miracle: The Politics and Economics of Quality
161
8 Standards As Boundaries: The Abortive Efforts of Soviet Europe
181
Part IV. Becoming and Evolving: The Future of Standards
9 The Evolution of Standards and the Processes of Formalization
201
10 A World of Increasing Sameness?
220
Appendix 1. International Organizations Affecting Standards
235
Appendix 2. A Profile of Standard Setters
237
Notes
241
Index
259
Page vii
PREFACE
To my amazement and chagrin, half a dozen years have passed since I set out to study product standards. This investigation is the first major fruit of my efforts. That pace was partly dictated by the intricacies of a new subject, partly by other obligations, and partly by my own failings.
The quest began with puzzled conversations at the European University Institute in Fiesole regarding the minutely overprecise nature of European Community legislation. My co-authors C. D. Ehlermann, Joseph Weiler, as well as Jacques Pelkmans, quickly educated me in the fact that the EC was faced with reconciling the standards of a dozen variously regulated societies. These discussions also confirmed de Tocqueville's observation that many functions in the United States were handled by voluntary participation that were handled by governments in Europe.
This insight led to the proposition of this volumethat "standards" are different phenomena in different cultures, sometimes formulated in sharply different ways. It led to the further insight that the resulting formulations and the processes chosen to implement them affects the nature of the individual society as well.
When I begin this inquiry, the subject of product standards was a truly exotic topic. When I organized a Law and Society panel on the issue, a leading writer in the field observed to me as we walked into in the meeting room, "Of course, only a dozen people in the world are interested in our topic." To our amazement, the room was chock full of participants, evidence of a growing awareness of the topic's significance. Since that time, the EC's new emphasis on product standards and a wider appreciation of Japan's efforts in this area has swelled the ranks of scholars and others who are interested in the subject.
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