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Karen L. Kinnear - Gangs: A Reference Handbook (Contemporary World Issues)

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The research, discussion, and action on this topic has produced varied findings and results. Gangs: A Reference Handbook contains a survey of literature documenting these results. The topics addressed include the history of gangs, who joins gangs, why they join, and where gangs are found.This volume also provides statistical information, data on intervention programs, and summaries of print and nonprint resources. Gangs is a vital reference work for students, educators, journalists, child welfare workers, legislators and other policy makers, as well as parents and general readers alike.

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GANGS
A Reference Handbook
Other Titles in ABC-CLIO's
Contemporary
World Issues
Series

Abortion, 2d Edition

Marie Costa
American Homelessness,
2d Edition
Mary Ellen Hombs
Childhood Sexual AbuseKaren L. Kinnear
Children's RightsBeverly C. Edmonds & William R. Fernekes
Crime in AmericaJennifer L. Durham
Domestic ViolenceMargi Laird McCue
Drug Abuse in SocietyGeraldine Woods
Endangered SpeciesClifford J. Sherry
Environmental JusticeDavid E. Newton
EuthanasiaCarolyn Roberts & Martha Gorman
Gun ControlEarl R. Kruschke
Militias in AmericaNeil A. Hamilton
Native American IssuesWilliam N. Thompson
Organized CrimePatrick J. Ryan
Rape in AmericaRob Hall
The Religious RightGlenn H. Utter & John W. Storey
Violence and the MediaDavid E. Newton
Violent ChildrenKaren L. Kinnear
United States ImmigrationE. Willard Miller & Ruby M. Miller
Welfare ReformMary Ellen Hombs


title:Gangs : A Reference Handbook Contemporary World Issues
author:Kinnear, Karen L.
publisher:ABC-CLIO
isbn10 | asin:0874368219
print isbn13:9780874368215
ebook isbn13:9780585000305
language:English
subjectGangs--United States--Handbooks, manuals, etc.
publication date:1996
lcc:HV6439.U7K55 1996eb
ddc:364.1/06/60973
subject:Gangs--United States--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Books in the Contemporary World Issues series address vital issues in today's society such as terrorism, sexual harassment, homelessness, AIDS, gambling, animal rights, and air pollution. Written by professional writers, scholars, and nonacademic experts, these books are authoritative, clearly written, up-to-date, and objective. They provide a good starting point for research by high school and college students, scholars, and general readers, as well as by legislators, businesspeople, activists, and others.

Each book, carefully organized and easy to use, contains an overview of the subject; a detailed chronology; biographical sketches; facts and data and/or documents and other primarysource material; a directory of organizations and agencies; annotated lists of print and nonprint resources; and an index.

Readers of books in the Contemporary World Issues series will find the information they need in order to better understand the social, political, environmental, and economic issues facing the world today.

GANGS
A Reference Handbook
Karen L. Kinnear
CONTEMPORARY
WORLD ISSUES
ABC-CLIO
Santa Barbara, California
Denver, Colorado
Oxford, England

Copyright 1996 by Karen L. Kinnear

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except
for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permis
sion in writing from the publishers.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Kinnear, Karen L.
Gangs: a reference handbook / Karen L. Kinnear.
p. cm. - (Contemporary world issues)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-87436-821-9 (alk. paper)
1. Gangs-United States-Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title.
II. Series.
HV6439.U7K55 1996
364.1 '06'60973-dc20

01 00 99 98
10 9 8 7 6 5 4

ABC-CLIO, Inc.
130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911
Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Manufactured in the United States of America

Page vii

To all those who are out in the streets
working with gang members and children at risk
they deserve our praise and support
Page ix

Contents Preface xiii 1 Introduction 1 - photo 1

Contents
Preface,
xiii
1
Introduction,
1
What Is a Gang?
1
Gang Organization,
4
Why Join a Gang?
5
Bonding and Control Theory
6
Opportunity and Strain Theory
7
Labeling Theory
7
Cultural Conflict or Subcultural Theory
8
Radical Theory
8
Other Theories
8
Social Factors,
12
Racial/Ethnic Gangs,
13
Hispanic Gangs
13
African-American Gangs
13
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