Judith H. Katz - White Awareness: A Handbook for Anti-Racism Training

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title	:	White Awareness : Handbook for Anti-racism Training
author	:	Katz, Judy H.
publisher	:	University of Oklahoma Press
isbn10 | asin	:	0806114665
print isbn13	:	9780806114668
ebook isbn13	:	9780585100340
language	:	English
subject	Racism, Race discrimination--Psychological aspects, Caucasian race, Group relations training, Race awareness, Racism--United States.
publication date	:	1978
lcc	:	HT1523.K37eb
ddc	:	301.45/1/042
subject	:	Racism, Race discrimination--Psychological aspects, Caucasian race, Group relations training, Race awareness, Racism--United States.

Page iii White Awareness Handbook for Anti-Racism Training By Judith H. Katz University of Oklahoma Press : Norman and London

Page iv Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Katz, Judith H., 1950 White awareness. Bibliography: p. 201 Includes index. 1. Racism. 2. Race discriminationPsychological aspects. 3. Caucasian race. 4. Group relations training. 5. Race aware ness. 6. Racism.United States. I. Title. HT1523.K37301.45'1'04277-18610 ISBN: 0-8061-1466-5 Copyright 1978 by the University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Publishing Division of the University. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the U.S.A. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Page v PREFACE A PERSONAL NOTE As I reflect on the development of this book, I recall the many hours, days, months, and years that have gone into putting it together, both in me and on paper. It grew out of my personal and professional struggle to understand and come to grips with racism. The issue of racism is one of very deep concern to me. Becoming aware of racism and owning my whiteness has been a long process. It is a process that I have often fought and rejected inside myself. It is a process that has been marked by introspection, confrontation, anger, frustration, confusion, and guilt on the one hand and the joy of discovering another level in me and finding a new sense of personal freedom on the other. The roots of this process and this book go back to early childhood. My parents, who are Jewish, were forced to leave Germany during World War II. They settled in New York City, and I grew up there. Their concerns about equality and fairness they often discussed and shared with me as a young child. Their own experiences with discrimination and the impact of it on their lives became evident to me as I grew up and were an important foundation for my later exploration of racism. It was not, however, until my college years in the late 1960s that racism made a personal impact on my life. I became involved with the human relations movement and sensitivity training. In this forum I became introspective and began to examine some of my values and behaviors. My interaction with minority students and professors helped me begin to see other perspectives and acknowledge that racism does indeed exist. The real "unfreezing point" in my perspective came as a result of a six-day residential seminar held in 1970. The participant population was 85 percent Puerto Rican and Black and 15 percent White. For the first time in my life I found myself in a situation that was not White- or Jewish-dominated. I was immersed in a different culture. I was confronted both subtly and overtly with my whiteness,

Page vi my assumptions, and my values. Being no longer the "norm," I felt the need to seek out the support of other White people to eat, talk, socialize, and identify with them. I found myself feeling defensive about my whiteness and guilty and hurt because I was labeled the oppressor. During the workshop sessions the issue of racism came to the fore. I wanted not to be seen as a racist, and I shared with the group my feelings of guilt, as well as my concern about racism. The reaction from the minority participants was some understanding of my concern; however, in their view my concern did not go far enough. My guilt did not bring about any change in their living with oppression, nor was it healthy for me. Essentially my guilt was a self-indulgent way to use up energy. The real issue was not whether I was concerned about combating racism but what I had done to combat it. What action had I taken? My not doing was a way of supporting and perpetuating racism. Inaction is action. I was strongly told, "Don't sit here telling us what you would like to do do it! And make sure you take that action where it needs to be taken to the White community, where the problem is." It was in that experience that the importance of action became meaningful to me. The question, What have you done? has been the motivating force in my search to uncover racism within myself and to combat racism actively. This training program is an attempt to answer the question and a partial response to the need to find a meaningful way to help create change in the White community. The program offered in this book developed out of my work with sensitivity-training groups. After participating in many Black-White T-groups, I began to realize that all too often minorities were being put on the hot seat to discuss their experiences with oppression. Whites would often attempt to refute the reality of those experiences or would feel guilty about being White. Often White people left the experience seeing a particular Black person as "different" from other Blacks, confirming their initial attitudes or views or feeling a great deal of anxiety and guilt about being White. Blacks often left feeling angry or hopeless. These dynamics, coupled with my awareness of the need for action in the White community, led me to think about White-on-White groups as a way to address racism in White people. In 1972, I began facilitating White-on-White groups in Amherst, Massachusetts. Over the succeeding years this process crystallized into a systematic conceptual and experiential format.

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