About the Authors
Naomi E. Balaban, a reference librarian for more than twenty-five years at the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, has extensive experience in the areas of science and consumer health. She edited, with James Bobick, The Handy Science Answer Book, The Handy Anatomy Answer Book, and The Handy Biology Answer Book. She has a background in linguistics and a masters degree in library science.
James Bobick, a retired librarian, was most recently Head of the Science and Technology Department at the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh for sixteen years. He was also an adjunct professor in the School of Information Sciences at the University of Pittsburgh, teaching the science resources course for graduate students in library and information sciences. He is the author, with G. Lynn Berard, of Science and Technology Resources: A Guide for Information Professionals and Researchers. He has masters degrees in both biology and library science.
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Please visit the Handy series website at www.handyanswers.com.
THE HANDY TECHNOLOGY ANSWER BOOK
Copyright 2016 by Visible Ink Press
This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review written for inclusion in a magazine, newspaper, or website.
All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended.
Visible Ink Press
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Visible Ink Press is a registered trademark of Visible Ink Press LLC.
Most Visible Ink Press books are available at special quantity discounts when purchased in bulk by corporations, organizations, or groups. Customized printings, special imprints, messages, and excerpts can be produced to meet your needs. For more information, contact Special Markets Director, Visible Ink Press, www.visibleink.com, or 734-667-3211.
Managing Editor: Kevin S. Hile
Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski
Typesetting: Marco DiVita
Proofreaders: Larry Baker and Shoshana Hurwitz
Indexer: Larry Baker
Cover images: Google glass: Antonio Zugaldia; electric car: Ludovic Hirlimann; all other images: Shutterstock.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Balaban, Naomi, author.
The handy technology answer book / by Naomi Balaban and James Bobick.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-57859-563-1 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. TechnologyMiscellanea. I. Balaban, Naomi E., author. II. Title.
T47.B65 2016
600dc23 2015029037
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Acknowledgments
We thank Roger Jnecke for his confidence in our ability to undertake and complete this project. We also thank page designer Mary Claire Krzewinski, typesetter Marco DiVita, indexer Larry Baker, and proofreader Shoshana Hurwitz. We thank managing editor Kevin Hile for his patience, great insights, and editorial skills, once again.
Finally, we thank our spouses, Carey and Sandi, for always being there. We owe you a lot!
Photo Sources
Buffalutheran (Wikicommons): p. 353.
Oliver Calder: p. 289.
Peter Campbell: p. 44.
Chemical Heritage Foundation: p. 373.
Michael Hicks: p. 33.
David Holt: p. 285.
Hu Totya: p. 2.
Intel Free Press: p. 30.
Steve Jurvetson: p. 382.
Mico Kaufman: p. 22.
Ehud Kenan: p. 84.
Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen: p. 421.
Robert Lawton: p. 260.
NASA: pp. 250, 341, 347.
NASA/Kim Shiflett: p. 252.
Nimur (Wikicommons): p. 420.
Rfc1394 (Wikicommons): p. 120.
Runner1616 (Wikicommons): p. 71.
Shutterstock: pp. 6, 11, 13, 14, 19, 24, 38, 40, 46, 50, 52, 54, 65, 70, 74, 79, 82, 86, 89, 93, 99, 101, 103, 109, 113, 115, 117, 121, 127, 130, 133, 135, 137, 141, 143, 146, 149, 151, 154, 160, 163, 164, 166, 173 (top), 173 (bottom), 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 187, 190, 195, 198, 199, 202, 204, 207, 212, 215, 217, 219, 220, 222, 229, 231, 233, 236, 240, 258, 266, 268, 272, 275, 279, 286, 292, 295, 298, 299, 302, 306, 310, 323, 326, 329, 331 (bottom), 334, 337, 344, 352, 356, 359, 362, 364, 371, 377, 379, 385, 388, 394, 405, 409, 412, 414, 417, 419.
Smithsonian Institution: p. 67.
Martin Streicher, Editor-in-Chief, LINUX-MAG.com: p. 36.
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