Rodney Stark - Sociology

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Con

r h a II) I e r 2

CONt'KPTS FOR SOCIAl- A N l> Cui-riKAi. T II K <> K I K S 29

The Concept of Society 32 Social Structural Coin-ept.s 32 Stratification 33 Networks 34

Xi't u oiUs ;i rid I'liwci- ."M

Lociil anil ('osmopolilan Ncl \\oi Us ."{.">

Socicl U's as Ncl works .'JCi The Concept of Culture 36 Cultural Concepts 37

V'alrrcs and Norms .'{7

Kolcs ;{s

Mrrll icrill rri alism and Snlx irlt rrr i-s ."{(t

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  Assi rii i iai ion a rid Acconi modal ion -10 Modernization and Globalization 40 Jews and Italians in North America 41

  I'l cindicc and Disc-r iniinal ion 4.'{

  Assi ill ilat ion and Accorii nio< lat ion ol .!(w s a iid Italians 44

  Theorizing About FIthnic Mobility 45

  The Cultural Theory 45

  A CLOSER VIEW Zl)() I'ow s k 1 a r 1 < 1! i ( r/.< : .1 < \\ i s 11 < ' r 111 u r< 4(i A CLOSER VIEW Lcorrard ('oxcllo: llaliaii ('nitiirc 4S

  The Social Theory 49

  A CLOSER VIEW St ( |) 11 ( 11 St t i 1 r I lo r'^: ' Tl H .1 < \v i s 11 111'a< I St a it 4!> A CLOSER VIEW . I oc I Iil 111 a 1111: A N ( w Sy 1 r 11 r ( s i s 5:*

  Reference Groups and Italian Traditionalism 54

  A CLOSER VIEW A11(1 lOW ( I It( I r V : 1"! IC 1'c IS 1 sl ( 1 U'C ()!'

  Ilaliaii ( 'nit lire .IS

  Conclusion 59 Review Glossary 59 Suggested Readings 61

  c li a p It e r 3

  Micro Socioi^ooy: Testin<; Intkuaction Thkories 63

  The Rational Choice Proposition 65 Interaction Theories 67 Symbolic Interaction 68

  Social ('oust i rrct ion ol McaniriL! I'>'-I Social ('oiisl i iicl ion ol' I he Sell 7(> Exchange Theory 71 Soli<(nalily

  Affrccnicnl and ('onror iiril \ T.'i

  >' i i i

  Contents

  Theory Testing: Measurement and Research 74 Vaiiublcs 74 ( "rilfiiu ()l ( 'aiisat ion To

  'I'lMIs OKDKI! 7.")

  ('i ii

  N< IN.SI'I UK )l SNKSS 7.")

  BoxiJ-l Correlation 76

  On Abst t actions 77 The Experiment: Studying Group Soliiiarity 77

  A CLOSER VIEW Soloiu (III Astli: Sol if ia fit > a 11(1 ('oil t'ormi t v 78

  Manipnlat in^ t 1k' Inil< [)t'n(l( iit X'ai iabii' 79 Randomization 79 Significance 80

  Field Research: Studying Recruitment 80

  A CLOSER VIEW Lolla IK i a ud St a ik: Re I i tiioii s <'()n\tTsioii 81

  ( '(>\ i l t iind ()\ t'l'l ()bs('i \;it ion 82

  fVinvci sion as ('oiiroi init \ 82

  Box 3-2 Heaven's Gate 84

  Foiif Pi'ini-ipk's ol' Rft-fuitinciit 8(5 Conclusion 86 r Review Glossary 87

  Suggested Readings 89

  r i a p I e r 4

  Macro Sociolocjy: Sti'dying Largkr Groi ps ANO Societies 91

  Describing Populations 92

  Box 4-1 Experiiueiital Effeets of Social Structure 93 Sim|)lc and Piopoitional Fails !>4 Censuses ami Samples !14 Why Saniplintr W orks ito Survey Research: Ideology and Conformity 96

  A CLOSER VIEW 1 H fsc iu a III i St a I'k: H f 11 111! a ud Ol ] m () 111 11 cx iMi Spuiii)iisiu>>. !17 ( 'onllict intr Results i>8 Contextual Effects 98

  Network Analysis: Group Properties 100

  A CLOSER VIEW Re iija til i 11 ZaMi ic k 1: N <>t \\ Oiks of Lo\ I' ami .Iealoiis\ 100

  The Socit)logy of Soi'ieties 103

  Societies as Systems 104

  Socioi iilt u ral ( oiupoiU'iit s 104 1 lit ei'depeiidiMice AilloiliZ Striutiires 104 Ki|uilibi ium and ( liaiiize l(l."> Theories About Social Systems 106 Funel ionalisni lOli Soeial F\ oliil ion 107 Conniet I'heory 108

  

  Contents

  Coiiiparativf Rosoarch: Vi>lMic> aiul M(i

  ( '<)iii[)at al i \ ( Kcsciiicli 1 l(t ( 'iDss-C 'iilliii al "Samples 1 1 1

  A CLOSER VIEW X a | X) 1( <) 11 < ' 11 au'i i< > 11: 1. i I ( A lo 11 !i 1 IH A nia/< > 11 111' A CLOSER VIEW 11'11 c r \ 1'a i t;! ; ('() 11111 c 1 a 11 (I S. i( la I Si n I ( I u ICS I I."{

  Coiicliisioii I Ii>

  Review Glossary ' <>

  Siigf^esteil Readings 117

  P A K T II I N I) I V 1 I) V A I, S A N I) (I It () V P S

  r li a. p t i; r o

  Bioi.otJY, CIII.TII rr;, ani> S < i k i'y 119 Heredity 121

  ltox5-l Identical Twins 122

  Behavioral (Jenetics 123

  Bkx 5-2 Minorities and Stardom 124 The Growth Revolution 127

  Kiiviioii rn<'nl a I Siipprcssoi s 128 Hormones and Behavior 129

  A CLOSER VIEW Tl i( V ill I la ri I Vcl < la f IS S( u< I v I'Mi Humans and Other Animals 131

  A CLOSER VIEW .1 a 11< (i< X)(la H' s < i r( a ( Advent iiic l.'Sl

  Nonliuman Laiijyua>;e !.{.">

  A CLOSER VIEW WasI 11X L( a 111 s t <) S i 11

  Animal Societ i

  V l i a | j I e r O

  Socialization and Social Rolk.s 141

  Biophysical Development 143

  Cognitive Development 144

  A CLOSER VIEW P i a el s Tl ie() l\ ()1'<'i 11 il i \ <' St a

  A CLOSER VIEW B i( i\\ 11 a 1111 He III i,n i: La I if41 la j^e A<( 111 i s i 11( >' I 141

  lilt crael ion and ( 'otinil i\ c l)e \ ilopmeiit 147

  A'l TAellMKN IS AMI La .\<. r A( a-'. I tS lVliiiiii.:i;h;si-, I4,s

  l'Alii:N 1 INC I4H

  Emotional Development 149

  Emerfienee ol t lu- Sell l.^O I'eisonalitV formation {."iO

  

  

  Contents

  Culture and Personality 151 *

  Differential Socialization 155

  A CLOSER VIEW M ( 1 \ i II Ki) 1111: ()tc-ti pa t loiuil Rok'.s a nd S.n iali/.al ion !.">()

  A CLOSER VIEW 1*] r\ 111

  Sex-Role Socialization 160

  A CLOSER VIEW 1 )i-Loailu . ('assi( i \ , a III I ('a r pciil er: Hah> \ivav Is a Boy lt)L>

  A CLOSER VIEW St ( |) 111 II R if luT: (la II It s a I ii 1 ( I uler 1<)3 Conclusion 164 Review Glossary 165 Suggested Readings 165

  c li I'ii |) I V. r 7

  Crime and Deviance 167

  

  Ordinary Crime 170

  R()l)l)cry ITO

  Burtilaiy 171

  Hoiiiicicic 17:*