Koistinen - Arsenal of World War II : the Political Economy of American Warfare, 1940-1945.

MODERN WAR STUDIES

Theodore A. Wilson

General Editor

Raymond A. Callahan

J. Garry Clifford

Jacob W. Kipp

Jay Luvaas

Allan R. Millett

Carol Reardon

Dennis Showalter

David R. Stone

Series Editors

ARSENAL OF
WORLD WAR II

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF
AMERICAN WARFARE,
19401945

PAUL A. C. KOISTINEN

UNIVERSITY PRESS OF KANSAS

To the memory of Joshua S. Epstein and to welcome Tomoko Furukawa, Andrew Harris, and Elizabeth Koistinen Harris

2004 by the University Press of Kansas
All rights reserved

Published by the University Press of Kansas (Lawrence, Kansas 66045), which was organized by the Kansas Board of Regents and is operated and funded by Emporia State University, Fort Hays State University, Kansas State University, Pittsburg State University, the University of Kansas, and Wichita State University

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Koistinen, Paul A. C.

Arsenal of World War II: the political economy of American warfare,

19401945 / Paul A. C. Koistinen.

p. cm. (Modern war studies)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-7006-1308-3 (alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-7006-2657-1 (ebook)

1. World War, 19391945Economic aspectsUnited States. 2. United

StatesDefensesEconomic aspectsHistory20th century. 3. United States. National Defense Advisory Commission. 4. United States. Office of Production Management. 5. United States. War Production Board. 6. Industrial mobilizationUnited StatesHistory20th century. I. Title: Arsenal of World War 2. II. Title: Arsenal of World War Two. III. Title: Political economy of American warfare, 19401945. IV. Title. V. Series.

HC110.D4K636 2004

940.531dc22 2003020126

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available.

Printed in the United States of America

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

The paper used in the print publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48-1984.

Bibliographical Essay

I have benefited greatly from the assistance of others in putting this fourth volume of my study into its final form. At California State University, Northridge, John J. Broesamle and Ronald Schaffer read the entire manuscript and provided me with excellent insights and advice. Theodore A. Wilson used his vast experience and keen analytic skills in advising me on how to shorten, tighten, and make more accessible a long and challenging volume. Finally, a host of student research assistants served me over the years in an always diligent and often selfless way. I could not ask for more from a publisher than the services provided by the University Press of Kansas. Michael Briggs, editor-in-chief, oversees the project with a sure but gentle hand, and his capable and dedicated staffincluding Susan Schott, marketing manager, and Melinda Wirkus, senior production editorgo about the wonders of converting manuscripts into published volumes with a high level of professionalism.

My debt to all these people is matched only by my gratitude for their labors and contributions. Needless to say, I, not they, am responsible for all that is and is not said in this book.

Much precedes the review and publication of a manuscript. Archivists and staff of the numerous record collections and papers cited in the notes and bibliographic essay have provided me over many years with invaluable and unfailing guidance and assistance. Without the Oviatt Library at California State University, Northridge (CSUN), especially its interlibrary loan services, I would have been hard-pressed to complete this work. Charlotte Oyer, Donald L. Read, Michael Barrett, and Felicia Cousin worked endlessly on my behalf. Finally, the continued support, encouragement, and love of my wife, Carolyn Epstein Koistinen, is crucial to what I do.

For financial support, I have had many benefactors, including research fellowships from Harvards Charles Warren Center for Studies in American History, the American Council of Learned Societies, and the National Endowment for the Humanities. Furthermore, CSUNs History Department and College of Social and Behavioral Sciences and the university as a whole have assisted me in numerous ways for many years.

The volume is dedicated to family. Josh Epstein, my father-in-law, was a remarkable person, particularly in his nearly unmatched dedication to improving the human condition. Still missed, he will always be remembered. But gain replaces loss. David, our son, looked to Asia for his loved one and spouse, Tomoko, our daughter Janice to Europe for Andrew. Together in England, Janice and Andrew enormously enriched the lives of my wife and me with the birth of our first grandchild, Beth. In life or in memory, we love and treasure them all.