Dawn Alexandrea Berry - Governing the North American Arctic

St Antonys Series

General Editors: Paul Betts, Professor of Modern European History, European Studies Centre, St Antonys College, Oxford; and Leigh Payne, Professor of Sociology of Latin America and Director of the Latin American Centre, Oxford.

Titles include:

Dawn Alexandrea Berry, Nigel Bowles, and Halbert Jones (editors)

GOVERNING THE NORTH AMERICAN ARCTIC

Sovereignty, Security, and Institutions

Bona Malwal

SUDAN AND SOUTH SUDAN

From One to Two

Jaime Lluch (editor)

CONSTITUTIONALISM AND THE POLITICS OF ACCOMMODATION IN MULTINATIONAL DEMOCRACIES

Jochen Prantl (editor)

EFFECTIVE MULTILATERALISM

Through the Looking Glass of East Asia

James Densley

HOW GANGS WORK

An Ethnography of Youth Violence

Ilsen About, James Brown, Gayle Lonergan, Jane Caplan, and Edward Higgs (editors)

IDENTIFICATION AND REGISTRATION PRACTICES IN TRANSNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

People, Papers and Practices

Daniel Altschuler and Javier Corrales

THE PROMISE OF PARTICIPATION

Participatory Governance, Citizen Engagement and Democracy in Guatemala and Honduras in the 2000s

Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan

META-GEOPOLITICS OF OUTER SPACE

An Analysis of Space Power, Security and Governance

Carla L. Thorson

POLITICS, JUDICIAL REVIEW AND THE RUSSIAN CONSTITUTIONAL COURT

Daisuke Ikemoto

EUROPEAN MONETARY INTEGRATION 197079

British and French Experiences

Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan

THE POLITICS OF EMERGING STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGIES

Implications for Geopolitics, Human Enhancement and Human Destiny

Dimitar Bechev

CONSTRUCTING SOUTH EAST EUROPE

The Politics of Balkan Regional Cooperation

Julie M. Newton and William J. Tompson (editors)

INSTITUTIONS, IDEAS AND LEADERSHIP IN RUSSIAN POLITICS

Celia Kerslake, Kerem ktem, and Philip Robins (editors)

TURKEYS ENGAGEMENT WITH MODERNITY

Conflict and Change in the Twentieth Century

Paradorn Rangsimaporn

RUSSIA AS AN ASPIRING GREAT POWER IN EAST ASIA

Perceptions and Policies from Yeltsin to Putin

Motti Golani

THE END OF THE BRITISH MANDATE FOR PALESTINE, 1948

The Diary of Sir Henry Gurney

Demetra Tzanaki

WOMEN AND NATIONALISM IN THE MAKING OF MODERN GREECE

The Founding of the Kingdom to the Greco-Turkish War

Simone Bunse

SMALL STATES AND EU GOVERNANCE

Leadership through the Council Presidency

Judith Marquand

DEVELOPMENT AID IN RUSSIA

Lessons from Siberia

Li-Chen Sim

THE RISE AND FALL OF PRIVATIZATION IN THE RUSSIAN OIL INDUSTRY

Stefania Bernini

FAMILY LIFE AND INDIVIDUAL WELFARE IN POSTWAR EUROPE

Britain and Italy Compared

Tomila V. Lankina, Anneke Hudalla, and Helmut Wollman

LOCAL GOVERNANCE IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE

Comparing Performance in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Russia

Cathy Gormley-Heenan

POLITICAL LEADERSHIP AND THE NORTHERN IRELAND PEACE PROCESS

Role, Capacity and Effect

Lori Plotkin Boghardt

KUWAIT AMID WAR, PEACE AND REVOLUTION

Paul Chaisty

LEGISLATIVE POLITICS AND ECONOMIC POWER IN RUSSIA

Valpy FitzGerald, Frances Stewart, and Rajesh Venugopal (editors)

GLOBALIZATION, VIOLENT CONFLICT AND SELF-DETERMINATION

St Antonys Series

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Governing the North American Arctic

Sovereignty, Security, and Institutions

Edited by

Dawn Alexandrea Berry

Postdoctoral Fellow, Mario Einaudi Center for International Studies, Cornell University, USA

Nigel Bowles

Senior Research Fellow, Corpus Christi College, University of Oxford, UK

and

Halbert Jones

Senior Research Fellow, St Antonys College, University of Oxford, UK

In Association with St Antonys College, Oxford

GOVERNING THE NORTH AMERICAN ARCTIC

Copyright Dawn Alexandrea Berry, Nigel Bowles, and Halbert Jones 2016 Individual chapters Respective authors 2016

All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission. In accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 610 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.

Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.

First published 2016 by

PALGRAVE MACMILLAN

The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 6XS.

Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of Nature America, Inc., One New York Plaza, Suite 4500, New York, NY 10004-1562.

Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world.

Hardback ISBN: 9781137493903

E-PUB ISBN: 9781137493927

E-PDF ISBN: 9781137493910

DOI: 10.1057/9781137493910

Distribution in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS.

A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

A catalogue record for the book is available from the British Library.

Contents

The Hon. William C. Graham

Shelagh D. Grant

James Kraska

Adam Lajeunesse and P. Whitney Lackenbauer

Dawn Alexandrea Berry

Mihaela David

Rob Huebert and P. Whitney Lackenbauer

Chanda L. Meek and Emily Russell

Alastair Campbell and Kirk Cameron

Richard C. Powell

John English

Evan T. Bloom

Alan H. Kessel

Mininnguaq Kleist

William L. Iggiagruk Hensley

Acknowledgments

The genesis of this book lies in The Oxford Arctic Conference held by the North American Studies Programme of St Antonys College and the Rothermere American Institute at the University of Oxford in September 2013. In organizing the conference, we were concerned to explore the challenges of governance in the North American Arctic. We set out to consider those challenges in the context of the legacies of the past, the constraints of the present, and the differing (and more liquid) constraints of an unknown future ecology. While the structure of this book is different to that of the conference, it has been informed by our reflecting upon the conference papers and the discussions about them. Throughout the conference and the preparation of this book, we have tried always to keep in view the historical roots and development of the North American Arctic as we have the fact that those roots and that development are viewed and understood differently by different peoples, states, and interests involved in the smallest of the worlds five major oceans.