Jerome O. Steffen - Comparative frontiers, a proposal for studying the American West
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Comparative frontiers, a proposal for studying the American West
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Comparative Frontiers, a Proposal for Studying the American West
author
:
Steffen, Jerome O.
publisher
:
University of Oklahoma Press
isbn10 | asin
:
080611617X
print isbn13
:
9780806116174
ebook isbn13
:
9780806171708
language
:
English
subject
Frontier and pioneer life--West (U.S.)--Historiography, West (U.S.)--Historiography, Frontier and pioneer life--West (U.S.) , West (U.S.)--History.
publication date
:
1980
lcc
:
F596.S827 1980eb
ddc
:
978/.007/2
subject
:
Frontier and pioneer life--West (U.S.)--Historiography, West (U.S.)--Historiography, Frontier and pioneer life--West (U.S.) , West (U.S.)--History.
Page iii
Comparative Frontiers: A Proposal for Studying the American West
by Jerome O. Steffen
University of Oklahoma Press : Norman
Page iv
by Jerome O. Steffen
William Clark: Jeffersonian Man on the Frontier (Norman, 1977)
The Frontier: Comparative Studies (co-editor) (Norman, 1977)
The American West: New Perspectives, New Dimensions (editor) (Norman, 1979)
Comparative Frontiers: A Proposal for Studying the American West (Norman, 1980)
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Steffen, Jerome O 1942 Comparative frontiers, a proposal for studying the American West.
Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Frontier and pioneer lifeThe WestHistoriography. 2. The WestHistoriography. 3. Frontier and pioneer lifeThe West. 4. The WestHistory. I. Title. F596.S827 978'.007'2 79-20315 ISBN 0-8061-1617-X
Copyright 1980 by the University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Publishing Division of the University. Manufactured in the U.S.A. First edition.
Page v
For Lewis E. Atherton Inspiring teacher and friend
Page vii
Contents
Preface
page ix
Chapter 1 Cis-Mississippi Pioneer Agricultural Settlement: An Insular Subfrontier Process
3
Chapter 2 The American Fur-trading Frontier: New World Mercantilism
29
Chapter 3 The Ranching Frontier: From Mercantile Capitalism to Industrial Capitalism
51
Chapter 4 The Mining Frontier: Continuity in the Far West
71
Epilogue
91
Notes
99
Bibliography
117
Index
137
Page ix
Preface
This book is an attempt to generate a larger approach to western history. While I present my ideas in a direct manner, they are meant only to be suggestions. This book is not meant to be dogmatic but rather undertakes to bring relevant generalizations before the scholarly community. It is highly speculative and based on selective documentation. Its value, therefore, will lie in the amount of critical discussion it generates. The main focus is on comparative American frontier change and continuity and the historical processes involved in producing each of these conditions. The frontier was a natural laboratory for this approach because it represented a stage of historical development usually associated with the new and unknown, providing an actual or conceived test for established notions and practices that people brought to it.
The analysis of change in any historical context involves disassembling the many woven threads that produce historical development. This is a difficult job at best because the relationships among the threads fluctuate or vary in relation to each other. For my purposes frontier variables fall into two broad categories: those
Page x
inherent in the demands of the frontier environment and those associated with prefrontier experiences. Frontier change and frontier continuity were both contests between the demands of the environment and the mindset of those entering the confines of the situation. The relationship between the two components was determined by how compelling and obvious environmental demands were for change and how deeply rooted were prefrontier principles and practices.1
This approach is not meant to be a rigid examination of man's adaptation to differing environments such as cultural ecologists in geography and anthropology employ. Such an emphasis is generally inadequate for the historian. Few historians study history in a time frame broad enough to allow the evolutionary contest between man and environment to work out completely. For example, Great Plains agriculture is viewed as a victory of technology over an otherwise hostile environment. But since this phenomenon is only approximately one hundred years old, man's so-called victory may represent only a dysfunctional stage of adaptation.
The historian interested in frontier change must be aware not only of the rate of change but also of the kinds of change. Some changes in American history may represent fundamental alterations in human thinking; others are modal in nature. For example, the ideological alteration in American history up to the nineteenth century certainly cannot be considered in the same context as the adaptation of agricultural techniques to the Great Plains of North America. In comparing American frontiers, it is necessary to be aware
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