Aldama Arturo J. - Enduring legacies ethnic histories and cultures of the Colorado borderlands

Stephen J. Leonard and Thomas J. Noel, editors

The Beast, Benjamin Barr Lindsey with Harvey J. OHiggins
Colorados Japanese Americans, Bill Hosokawa

Denver: An Archaeological History, Sarah M. Nelson, K. Lynn Berry,
Richard F. Carrillo, Bonnie L. Clark, Lori E. Rhodes, and Dean Saitta

Dr. Charles David Spivak: A Jewish Immigrant and the American Tuberculosis
Movement, Jeanne E. Abrams

Enduring Legacies: Ethnic Histories and Cultures of Colorado,
edited by Arturo J. Aldama, Elisa Facio, Daryl Maeda, and Reiland Rabaka

The Gospel of Progressivism: Moral Reform and Labor War in Colorado, 19001930,
R. Todd Laugen

Ores to Metals: The Rocky Mountain Smelting Industry, James E. Fell, Jr.

A Tenderfoot in Colorado, R. B. Townshend

The Trail of Gold and Silver: Mining in Colorado, 18592009, Duane A. Smith

EDITED BY
ARTURO ALDAMA

ELISA FACIO,
DARYL MAEDA,
AND
REILAND RABAKA,
ASSOCIATE EDITORS

UNIVERSITY PRESS OF COLORADO

2011 by the University Press of Colorado

Published by the University Press of Colorado
5589 Arapahoe Avenue, Suite 206C
Boulder, Colorado 80303

All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America

The University Press of Colorado is a cooperative publishing enterprise supported, in part, by Adams State College, Colorado State University, Fort Lewis College, Mesa State College, Metropolitan State College of Denver, University of Colorado, University of Northern Colorado, and Western State College of Colorado.

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American
National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. ANSI Z39.48-1992

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Enduring legacies : ethnic histories and cultures of Colorado / edited by Arturo J. Aldama...
[et al.].
p. cm.(Timberline books)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-60732-049-4 (hardcover : alk. paper)ISBN 978-1-60732-050-0 (pbk. : alk. paper)
ISBN 978-1-60732-051-7 (e-book)
1. EthnohistoryColorado. 2. ColoradoEthnic relationsHistory. 3. Colorado
PopulationHistory. 4. Hispanic AmericansColoradoHistory. 5. Indians of North
AmericaColoradoHistory. 6. African AmericansColoradoHistory. 7. Asian
AmericansColoradoHistory. I. Aldama, Arturo J., 1964
F785.A1E64 2011
305.8009788dc22
2010044293

Design by Daniel Pratt

20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

The University Press of Colorado gratefully acknowledges subventions from the Eugene M.
Kayden Fund and the Center for Studies of Ethnicity and Race in America (CSERA) at the
University of Colorado at Boulder in partial support of the costs of production on this volume.

El Milagro de San Acacio, embroidery by Josephine Lobato, 1992

La Sierra, embroidery by Josephine Lobato, 1999

Photo of Karen Trujillo-Guzman

A piece available from Southwest Musicians: Musical Traditions of Colorado and New Mexico

Photo of the Marcha de los Novios taken at the August 2, 1972, wedding of Suzanne Rael and Derrick Martinez in Arroyo Seco, New Mexico

La Entriega de los Novios, music score

An indita learned from Arsenio Cordova of El Prado, New Mexico

Photo of Mariachi Vargas

San Luis / Taos Valley

San Luis / Taos Valley capillas

San Acacio reconstruction

San Rafael

Santo Nio

Elicia (Martinez) Girn and Tiburcio Girn, circa 1940s

Elicia (Martinez) Girn, age around ten, circa mid-1920s

Francisco Girn, July 7, 1938, to October 3, 1969

Enduring Legacies: Ethnic Histories and Cultures of Colorado is a welcome addition to the University Press of Colorados Timberline series, which features meritorious books relating to Colorado.

Since its inception in 1965, the University Press of Colorado, a cooperative effort sponsored by most of the states public universities and colleges, has given special attention to books focusing on Colorado and the West. During the past two decades it has published more works relating to people of African, Asian, Hispanic, and Native American heritage. Many have been used as texts or supplementary reading in ethnic studies and regional history courses.

Among the presss titles covering African Americans are Robert B. Bettss In Search of York: The Slave Who Went to the Pacific with Lewis and Clark (revised edition, 2002), Monroe Lee Billington and Roger D. Hardaways edited volume African Americans on the Western Frontier (2001), Monroe Lee Billingtons New Mexicos Buffalo Soldiers, 18661900 (1994), Angel David Nieves and Leslie M. Alexanders edited volume We Shall Independent Be: African American Place-Making and the Struggle to Claim Space in the United States (2008), and Nicholas Patlers Jim Crow and the Wilson Administration: Protesting Federal Segregation in the Early Twentieth Century (2004).

Chinese Americans provide the focus for two press books: Benson Tongs The Chinese Americans, Revised Edition (2003) and Liping Zhus A ChinamansChance: The Chinese on the Rocky Mountain Mining Frontier (2000). The late Bill Hosokawa graced the press with three books: Out of the Frying Pan: Reflections of a Japanese American (1998), Nisei: The Quiet Americans, Revised Edition (2002), and Colorados Japanese Americans: From 1886 to the Present (2005).

In addition to its titles on Central America, Mexico, and New Mexico, the press has published several books on Hispanos, including Vincent C. de Bacas edited collection La Gente: Hispano History and Life in Colorado (1998), which offers contributions from Jos Aguayo, Ramon Del Castillo, Aileen Lucero, Deborah Mora-Espinosa, George Rivera Jr., M. Edmund Vallejo, Ernesto Vigil, and others on topics such as migrant workers and Rodolfo Corky Gonzales, founder of Denvers Crusade for Justice. Richard Goulds The Life and Times of Richard Castro: Bridging a Cultural Divide (2007) treats another major Colorado leader. Virginia McConnell Simmonss The San Luis Valley: Land of the Six-Armed Cross, Second Edition (1999) includes material on early Hispano settlements in southern Colorado.

More than a dozen press books on Native Americans remain in print. The Arapaho Language (2008) by Andrew Cowell and Alonzo Moss Sr. provides a much-needed dictionary of an endangered tongue. Arapaho heritage is also preserved in Tell Me, Grandmother: Traditions, Stories, and Cultures of Arapaho People (2004) by Virginia Sutter.

John H. Monnetts The Battle of Beecher Island and the Indian War of 18671869 (1992) chronicles the Cheyennes waning years in Colorado. One of the presss most lavishly illustrated books, Cheyenne Dog Soldiers: A Ledgerbook History of Coups and Combat (1997) by Jean Afton, David Fridtjof Halaas, Andrew E. Masich, and Richard N. Ellis, also treats the Cheyenne. Virginia McConnell Simmons tells of the Utes, the states most deeply rooted people, in