Jocelyn Mason - Mainstreaming the environment: the World Bank Group and the environment since the Rio Earth Summit : fiscal 1995 : summary
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Mainstreaming the environment: the World Bank Group and the environment since the Rio Earth Summit : fiscal 1995 : summary
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Mainstreaming the Environment : The World Bank Group and the Environment Since the Rio Earth Summit : Fiscal 1995 : Summary
author
:
Mason, Jocelyn.
publisher
:
World Bank
isbn10 | asin
:
0821334816
print isbn13
:
9780821334812
ebook isbn13
:
9780585233871
language
:
English
subject
World Bank, International Finance Corporation, Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, Environmental policy--Economic aspects, Economic development projects--Environmental aspects, Environmental assessment, Agriculture and state--Environmental aspects,
publication date
:
1995
lcc
:
GE170.M37 1995eb
ddc
:
363.7
subject
:
World Bank, International Finance Corporation, Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, Environmental policy--Economic aspects, Economic development projects--Environmental aspects, Environmental assessment, Agriculture and state--Environmental aspects,
Page i
Mainstreaming the Environment
The World Bank Group and the Environment since the Rio Earth Summit Fiscal 1995
Summary
THE WORLD BANK WASHINGTON, D.C.
Page ii
1995 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A.
All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing September 1995 Second printing January 1996
This report is a study by the World Bank's staff, and the judgments made herein do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors or of the countries they represent. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this volume do not imply on the part of the World Bank any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
The text is printed on recycled paper that exceeds the requirements of the 1988 guidelines of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, section 6002 of the Resource Conservation Recovery Act. The paper stock contains at least 50 percent recovered waste paper material as calculated by fiber content, of which at least 10 percent of the total fiber is postconsumer waste, and 20 to 50 percent of the fiber has been deinked.
Printed on Recycled Paper
ISBN 0-8213-3481-6 ISSN 1014-8132
Acknowledgments
This report was prepared by the Environment Department of the World Bank in close collaboration with regional environment divisions and country operations departments. The principal author was Joceyln Mason. John Redwood III and John Dixon contributed to chapters 1 and 3, respectively; Lars Vidaeus and Stephen Lintner wrote chapter 2; chapter 5 drew on a background paper written by William Magrath of the Agriculture and Natural Resource Department; and chapter 6 drew on three background papers written by Alison Cave and Jerry Lebo (urban and transport, respectively) of the Transport, Water and Urban Development Department, and Rachel English (energy) of the Industry and Energy Department. Letitia Oliveira of the International Finance Corporation (IFC) wrote chapter 7. The Environment Department team included Kerstin Canby, John Kellenberg, Marian Mabel, and Mary McNeil. Clare Fleming provided advice for the illustrations and cover design. Andrew Steer provided guidance.
Page iii
Foreword
It is now three years since almost all countries of the world endorsed the concept of environmentally sustainable development at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This report documents how the World Bank Group has sought to be an active partner in implementing the "Rio imperatives." It is divided into three parts. Part 1 explores progress in activities specifically targeted toward improving the environment. This includes an analysis of the Bank's growing loan portfolio of environmental projectsnow $10 billion for 137 projects in 62 countriesand of the Bank's role as an implementing agency of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and of the Montreal Protocol. Part 2 asks a broader question: How are environmental concerns being incorporated throughout all of the Bank's activities? It provides a preliminary" green accounting" of the $67 billion that the Bank has committed in the past three years. Part 3 documents the environmental programs of the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA).
While documenting the good progress that has been made to date, the report also tries to point to the areas where extra effort is now needed. In a sense, the Bank is now entering its "third generation" of environmental reforms. The first, in the 1987-92 period, was characterized by a major focus on reducing potential harm from Bank-financed projects and, specifically, the codification of environmental assessment (EA) procedures. The second might be termed the "post-Rio boom." It was characterized by a great expansion in the Bank's environmental capacity, and an aggressive effort to respond to the exploding demand for Bank assistance in environmental management.
The third generation is now under way. It is characterized by three main thrusts. The first is an overriding emphasis on on-the-ground implementation. The second is a major effort to move "upstream" from project-specific concerns in order to incorporate the environment into sectoral and national strategies. The third, undergirding all our activities, is a stronger focus on people and on social structures to find solutions and make development more sustainable.
ANDREW STEER DIRECTOR ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT THE WORLD BANK
Page 1
Overview
Ecuador is endowed with one of the highest concentrations of biological diversity per unit area in South America, of which the tree frog pictured above is only one example. To protect the country's biological heritage, the government of Ecuador has established a national system of protected areas with fifteen conservation units of global importance. Fourteen areas are located on the continental territory of Ecuador, and one, Galpagos National Park, is in the Galpagos Islands about 1,000 kilometers off the coast. A five-year GEF-funded project will support the management plans of eight of these sites, as well as outreach activities focusing on conflict resolution among key target groups and public awareness campaigns.
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