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Julian E. Zelizer - Burning Down the House: Newt Gingrich, the Fall of a Speaker, and the Rise of the New Republican Party

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Julian E. Zelizer Burning Down the House: Newt Gingrich, the Fall of a Speaker, and the Rise of the New Republican Party
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Burning Down the House: Newt Gingrich, the Fall of a Speaker, and the Rise of the New Republican Party: summary, description and annotation

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The story of how Newt Gingrich and his allies tainted American politics, launching an enduring era of brutal partisan warfare
When Donald Trump was elected president in 2016, President Obama observed that Trump is not an outlier; he is a culmination, a logical conclusion of the rhetoric and tactics of the Republican Party. In Burning Down the House, historian Julian Zelizer pinpoints the moment when our country was set on a path toward an era of bitterly partisan and ruthless politics, an era that was igniting by Newt Gingrich and his allies. In 1989, Gingrich brought down Democratic Speaker of the House Jim Wright and catapulted himself into the national spotlight. Perhaps more than any other politician, Gingrich introduced the rhetoric and tactics that have shaped Congress and the Republican Party for the last three decades. Elected to Congress in 1978, Gingrich quickly became one of the most powerful figures in America not through innovative ideas or charisma, but through a calculated campaign of attacks against political opponents, casting himself as a savior in a fight of good versus evil. Taking office in the post-Watergate era, he weaponized the good government reforms newly introduced to fight corruption, wielding the rules in ways that shocked the legislators who had created them. His crusade against Democrats culminated in the plot to destroy the political career of Speaker Wright.
While some of Gingrichs fellow Republicans were disturbed by the viciousness of his attacks, party leaders enjoyed his successes so much that they did little collectively to stand in his way. Democrats, for their part, were alarmed, but did not want to sink to his level and took no effective actions to stop him. It didnt seem to matter that Gingrichs moral conservatism was hypocritical or that his methods were brazen, his accusations of corruption permanently tarnished his opponents. This brand of warfare worked, not as a strategy for governance but as a path to power, and what Gingrich planted, his fellow Republicans reaped. He led them to their first majority in Congress in decades, and his legacy extends far beyond his tenure in office. From the Contract with America to the rise of the Tea Party and the Trump presidential campaign, his fingerprints can be seen throughout some of the most divisive episodes in contemporary American politics. Burning Down the House presents the alarming narrative of how Gingrich and his allies created a new normal in Washington.

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ALSO BY JULIAN E. ZELIZER

Fault Lines: A History of the United States Since 1974

(coauthor with Kevin M. Kruse)

The Fierce Urgency of Now: Lyndon Johnson, Congress, and the Battle for the Great Society

Governing America: The Revival of Political History

Jimmy Carter

Conservatives in Power: The Reagan Years, 19811989

(coauthor with Meg Jacobs)

Arsenal of Democracy: The Politics of National Securityfrom World War II to the War on Terrorism

On Capitol Hill: The Struggle to Reform Congress and Its Consequences, 19482000

Taxing America: Wilbur D. Mills, Congress, and the State, 19451975

PENGUIN PRESS An imprint of Penguin Random House LLC penguinrandomhousecom - photo 1

PENGUIN PRESS

An imprint of Penguin Random House LLC

penguinrandomhouse.com

Copyright 2020 by Julian E. Zelizer

Penguin supports copyright. Copyright fuels creativity, encourages diverse voices, promotes free speech, and creates a vibrant culture. Thank you for buying an authorized edition of this book and for complying with copyright laws by not reproducing, scanning, or distributing any part of it in any form without permission. You are supporting writers and allowing Penguin to continue to publish books for every reader.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Zelizer, Julian E., author.

Title: Burning down the house : Newt Gingrich, the fall of a speaker, and the rise of the new Republican Party / Julian E. Zelizer.

Other titles: Newt Gingrich, the fall of a speaker, and the rise of the new Republican Party

Description: New York : Penguin Press, 2020. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2019044440 (print) | LCCN 2019044441 (ebook) | ISBN 9781594206658 (hardcover) | ISBN 9780698402751 (ebook)

Subjects: LCSH: Gingrich, Newt. | RhetoricPolitical aspectsUnited States. | Communication in politicsUnited States. | United States. Congress. HouseSpeakers. | Republican Party (U.S. : 1854 ) | Political cultureUnited States. | United StatesPolitics and government1989

Classification: LCC E840.8.G5 Z45 2020 (print) | LCC E840.8.G5 (ebook) | DDC 328.73/092dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019044440

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019044441

pid_prh_5.5.0_c0_r0

For Abigail, Sophia, Nathan, and Claire

CONTENTS
Prologue SPEAK LIKE NEWT On the evening of July 13 2016 the former Speaker - photo 2
Prologue
SPEAK LIKE NEWT
On the evening of July 13 2016 the former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich - photo 3

On the evening of July 13, 2016, the former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich marched through the hallways of an Indianapolis television studio as he prepared to appear live on Fox News. The past twenty-four hours had been a whirlwind. The Republican presidential nominee, Donald Trump, was seriously considering naming Gingrich his vice presidential running mate. Gingrich loved being back in the spotlight; to him, the thrill of politics was like a narcotic.

Suddenly Gingrich had a chance to return to the heights of power he had missed since his Republican colleagues had pressured him to step down as Speaker of the House, one of the most influential positions in Washington, back in November 1998. His downfall had been sudden, amid the climactic days of President Bill Clintons impeachment, only four years after Gingrich had led the Republicans to take control of the House of Representatives for the first time since 1954. Following his dramatic departure from Congress, Gingrich experienced many professional ups and downs. The best of times came when he offered commentary on Fox News or filled the role of resident policy wonk at the conservative Heritage Foundation. He also enjoyed earning money as a consultant. But his disappointment was palpable when his 2012 bid for the Republican presidential nomination fell flat, bested by the former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney, the smooth patrician to Gingrichs feisty populist.

But now Donald Trump might be offering Gingrich, who turned seventy-three that June, one last chance to step back into the center of power. Many experts argued that Gingrich had a pretty good shot at winning the vice presidential sweepstakes. His sexual past paled in comparison to the exploits of The Donald during his adventurous years in New York City. Gingrich was also one of the few senior figures in the Republican Party whom Trump had not knocked to his knees. The former Speaker exuded the kind of gravitas that the reality TV star lacked, displaying an easy fluency in public policy and foreign affairs. He also had an instinct for partisan warfare unequaled by almost any Republican besides Trump.

Moreover, Gingrichs competitors were flawed. The New Jersey governor, Chris Christie, had been damaged by a scandal about a manufactured traffic jam back in the Garden State. The Alabama senator Jeff Sessions seemed so much like a hard-line southern reactionary that he would instantly kill any hope that Trump could win over northern and midwestern independents. And the Indiana governor, Mike Pence, with his choirboy demeanor, felt much too boring a pick for the former star of The Apprentice, with his appetite for sensation and sizzle.

Gingrich was to be interviewed that night by Sean Hannity, the pugnacious Fox host whose tough-guy persona attracted a passionate right-wing audience. The day of the Fox interview, Trump had met with Gingrich in a two-thousand-square-foot penthouse suite at the Conrad hotel, a posh five-star high-rise in downtown Indianapolis. Trump had intended to fly back to New York the previous evening after attending a rally with Governor Pence, but a flat tire on the airplane had grounded him overnight. Hannity, a close friend and ally of both Trump and Gingrich, had secretly allowed the former Speaker to fly on his private jet to Indianapolis to make sure that their scheduled meeting took place.

For about two and a half hours, Trumps campaign chairman, Paul Manafort, son-in-law, Jared Kushner, and children Eric, Donald Jr., and Ivanka sat in as the presumptive Republican nominee and the former Speaker held a free-flowing conversation about the role of the vice president, relations with Capitol Hill, and the many issues facing America after Barack Obamas presidency. Gingrich found Trump exhilarating, a fresh voice who would not be muted by the ostensible experts. The last great Republican firebrand saw the new one as a kindred spirit, one who shared Gingrichs ruthless and defiant attitude toward political convention and his mastery of the media.

That night Gingrich strode through the usually sleepy local studio; all the campaign activity had amped up the stations energy level, but having Gingrich on-site created a pronounced buzz. He was one of the rare former members of Congress who was recognized on the streets. Walking through the studios, Gingrich looked to some on the newsroom staff more like the overweight college professor he had been in his early years, lost in his own thoughts, than someone who might soon be next in line for the presidency. Although he was wearing the classic outfit of the Washington male politiciana dark suit with a royal blue shirt and a red power tieGingrich didnt have the normal polish. His suit was a little too boxy; its occupant was slightly rumpled.

Gingrich didnt care: this was the look that he had nurtured since entering politics thirty-seven years earlier as a young congressman from Georgia. He liked that his colleagues thought of him as the man with the big ideas, the intellectual turned politician. He had used that image to intimidate his opponents into submission, whatever the issue being debated. It was rare that Gingrich, with his trademark smirk, didnt seem to think that he was 100 percent correct about the topic being discussed. While he looked as if he might fit naturally in a seminar room, deep down Gingrich had the take-no-prisoners mentality of the toughest partisan figures who had ever served on Capitol Hill. He had practically written the handbook on cutthroat congressional tactics and spinning the media for partisan advantage; indeed, during his speakership, conservatives had literally circulated a memo on how to speak like Newt.

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