Einar Braathen - Poverty and Inequality in Middle Income Countries

About CROP

CROP, the Comparative Research Programme on Poverty, is a response from the academic community to the problems of poverty. The programme was initiated in 1992, and the CROP Secretariat was officially opened in June 1993 by the director general of UNESCO, Dr Federico Mayor.

In recent years, poverty alleviation, poverty reduction and the eradication of poverty have moved up the international agenda, with poverty eradication now defined as the greatest global challenge facing the world today. In cooperation with its sponsors, the International Social Science Council (ISSC) and the University of Bergen (UiB), CROP works in collaboration with knowledge networks, institutions and scholars to establish independent, alternative and critical poverty research in order to help shape policies for long-term poverty prevention and eradication.

The CROP network comprises scholars engaged in poverty-related research across a variety of academic disciplines. Researchers from more than a hundred different countries are represented in the network, which is coordinated by the CROP Secretariat at the University of Bergen, Norway.

The CROP series on International Studies in Poverty Research presents expert research and essential analyses of different aspects of poverty worldwide. By promoting a fuller understanding of the nature, extent, depth, distribution, trends, causes and effects of poverty, this series will contribute to knowledge concerning the reduction and eradication of poverty at global, regional, national and local levels.

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Series editors

Juliana Martnez Franzoni, associate professor of political science, University of Costa Rica

Thomas Pogge, Leitner professor of philosophy and international affairs, Yale University

CROP INTERNATIONAL STUDIES IN POVERTY RESEARCH

Published by Zed Books in association with CROP

David Gordon and Paul Spicker (eds), The International Glossary on Poverty , 1999

Francis Wilson, Nazneen Kanji and Einar Braathen (eds), Poverty Reduction: What Role for the State in Todays Globalized Economy? , 2001

Willem van Genugten and Camilo Perez-Bustillo (eds), The Poverty of Rights: Human Rights and the Eradication of Poverty , 2001

Else yen et al. (eds), Best Practices in Poverty Reduction: An Analytical Framework , 2002

Lucy Williams, Asbjrn Kjnstad and Peter Robson (eds), Law and Poverty: The Legal System and Poverty Reduction , 2003

Elisa P. Reis and Mick Moore (eds), Elite Perceptions of Poverty and Inequality , 2005

Robyn Eversole, John-Andrew McNeish and Alberto D. Cimadamore (eds), Indigenous Peoples and Poverty: An International Perspective , 2005

Lucy Williams (ed.), International Poverty Law: An Emerging Discourse , 2006

Maria Petmesidou and Christos Papatheodorou (eds), Poverty and Social Deprivation in the Mediterranean , 2006

Paul Spicker, Sonia Alvarez Leguizamn and David Gordon (eds), Poverty: An International Glossary , 2nd edn, 2007

Santosh Mehrotra and Enrique Delamonica, Eliminating Human Poverty: Macroeconomic and Social Policies for Equitable Growth , 2007

David Hemson, Kassim Kulindwa, Haakon Lein and Adolfo Mascarenhas (eds), Poverty and Water: Explorations of the Reciprocal Relationship , 2008

Ronaldo Munck, Narathius Asingwire, Honor Fagan and Consolata Kabonesa (eds), Water and Development: Good Governance after Neoliberalism , 2015

Abraar Karan and Geeta Sodhi (eds), Protecting the Health of the Poor: Social Movements in the South , 2015

Alberto D. Cimadamore, Gabriele Koehler and Thomas Pogge (eds), Poverty and the Millennium Development Goals: A Critical Look Forward , 2016

Alberto D. Cimadamore, Maurice B. Mittelmark, Gro Therese Lie and Fungisai P. Gwanzura Ottemller (eds), Development and Sustainability: The Challenge of Social Change , 2016

Forthcoming titles

Julio Boltvinik and Susan Archer Mann (eds), Peasant Poverty and Persistence , 2016

POVERTY AND INEQUALITY IN MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES

POLICY ACHIEVEMENTS, POLITICAL OBSTACLES

edited by Einar Braathen, Julian May, Marianne S. Ulriksen and Gemma Wright

Poverty and Inequality in Middle Income Countries: Policy Achievements, Political Obstacles was first published in 2016 by Zed Books Ltd, The Foundry, 17 Oval Way, London SE11 5RR, UK

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ISBN 978-1-78360-558-3 hb

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CONTENTS

Tables

The majority of the contributions to this book were presented in their first draft at the international workshop Poverty and Politics in Middle Income Countries, held in Cape Town, 2224 November 2012. The editors want to thank the Southern African-Nordic Centre (SANORD) and the Comparative Research Programme on Poverty (CROP) for funding the workshop. We are grateful for the efforts made by CROP and the Institute for Social Development, University of the Western Cape, for organizing it. In particular, we appreciate the work done by Prudence Ramnath and Leah Wanjiku Junge in facilitating the workshop. In this regard we also thank Professor Alberto Daniel Cimadamore (director of CROP) and Professor Julian May, as well as Maureen Davis and Leolyn Jackson (School of Government, University of Western Cape). We are also grateful for the advice and assistance received from Jakob Horstmann in the preparation of the manuscript.