Copyright 1991 by Houghton Mifflin Company
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
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The Library of Congress has cataloged the print editionas follows:
The Readers companion to American history.
Eric Foner and John A. Garraty, editors.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
1. United States History Encyclopedias.
I. Foner, Eric. II. Garraty, John Arthur, 1920
E174.R43 1991 9119508
973'.03 dc20
eISBN 9780-547561349
v1.0114
Advisory Board
- Thomas Bender
- Nancy F. Cott
- Thomas Fleming
- Neil Harris
- Thomas C. Holt
- Kenneth T. Jackson
- Alvin M. Josephy, Jr.
- Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.
- Martin J. Sherwin
- Jean Strouse
- Sean Wilentz
- Gwendolyn Wright
Contributors
- Daniel Aaron
Harvard University - John Algeo
University of Georgia - Tyler Anbinder
University of Wyoming - David L. Anderson
University of Indianapolis - Margo Anderson
University of Wisconsin Milwaukee - Marilyn Arnold
Brigham Young University - Cindy Sondik Aron
University of Virginia - Leonard J. Arrington
Salt Lake City, Utah - Dore Ashton
The Cooper Union - James Atlas
The New York Times - Steven Gould Axelrod
University of California, Riverside - Beth Bailey
Barnard College - Richard Allan Baker
Historical Office, United States Senate - Randall Balmer
Columbia University - James M. Banner, Jr.
Washington, D.C. - Lois W. Banner
University of Southern California - C. Robert Barnett
Marshall University - William L. Barney
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - Richard A. Bartlett
Florida State University - Rosalyn Fraad Baxandall
State University of New York, College at Old Westbury - Bernard W. Bell
University of Massachusetts at Amherst - Thomas Bender
New York University - Richard Bensel
Center for Studies of Social Change, New School for Social Research - Ira Berlin
University of Maryland at College Park - Aaron Berman
Hampshire College - Richard B. Bernstein
Papers of John Jay - Jeff E. Biddle
Michigan State University - Robert Bishop
Museum of American Folk Art - Karen J. Blair
Central Washington University - David W. Blight
Amherst College - John Bodnar
Indiana University at Bloomington - Patricia U. Bonomi
New York University - Alan Brinkley
Columbia University - David Brody
University of California, Davis - Hugh Brogan
University of Essex - D. Lydia Bront
The Phelps-Stokes Fund - Paul Brooks
Lincoln Center, Massachusetts - Dee Brown
Little Rock, Arkansas - Richard D. Brown
The University of Connecticut - Robert V. Bruce
Madbury, New Hampshire - Stuart Bruchey
Columbia University - Borgna Brunner
Cambridge, Massachusetts - Paul M. Buhle
Oral History of the American Left, Tamiment Library, New York University - Edwin G. Burrows
Brooklyn College, City University of New York - Richard L. Bushman
Columbia University - Robert H. Canary
University of Wisconsin Parkside - Albert H. Cantril
Cambridge, Massachusetts - Elizabeth Capelle
New York, New York - Mark C. Carnes
Barnard College - Clayborne Carson
Stanford University - Gerald Carson
Newtown, Pennsylvania - Dan T. Carter
Emory University - Joan E. Cashin
Rutgers University at Camden - Richard D. Challener
Princeton University - Clarke A. Chambers
University of Minnesota at Twin Cities - John Whiteclay Chambers II
Rutgers University - Alfred D. Chandler, Jr.
Harvard University - Joyce E. Chaplin
Vanderbilt University - Robert W. Cherny
San Francisco State University - Norman H. Clark
Olympia, Washington - Catherine Clinton
Harvard University - Edward M. Coffman
University of Wisconsin Madison - John Y. Cole
Library of Congress - Wayne S. Cole
University of Maryland at College Park - Susan Keselenko Coll
New Delhi, India - Blanche Weisen Cook
John Jay College and the Graduate School, City University of New York - Nancy F. Cott
Yale University - Edward Countryman
University of Warwick - Robert D. Cross
University of Virginia - Tom D. Crouch
National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution - Robert M. Crunden
The University of Texas at Austin - Noble E. Cunningham, Jr.
University of Missouri at Columbia - Richard N. Current
Natick, Massachusetts - Barbara Ritter Dailey
Watertown, Massachusetts - David J. Danelski
Stanford University - Allen F. Davis
Temple University - Warren Dean
New York University - Alexander DeConde
University of California, Santa Barbara - Andrew Delbanco
Columbia University - J. Bradford De Long
Harvard University - John DEmilio
University of North Carolina at Greensboro - Morris Dickstein
Queens College, City University of New York - Susan J. Douglas
Hampshire College - Thomas Dublin
State University of New York at Binghamton - Melvyn Dubofsky
State University of New York at Binghamton - Ellen Carol DuBois
University of California, Los Angeles - David C. Duke
Marshall University - Richard S. Dunn
University of Pennsylvania - Thomas J. Dunnings, Jr.
Tarrytown, New York - Alice Echols
University of Michigan - R. David Edmunds
Indiana University at Bloomington - Abraham S. Eisenstadt
Brooklyn College, City University of New York - Robert Ellsberg
Orbits Books - Everett Emerson
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - Charles A. Fecher
Baltimore, Maryland - Robert H. Ferrell
Indiana University at Bloomington - Leon Fink
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - Anita Finkel
New York, New York - Gilbert C. Fite
University of Georgia - Thomas Fleming
New York, New York - James J. Flink
University of California, Irvine - Eric Foner
Columbia University - Robert Booth Fowler
Madison, Wisconsin - R. France
Westbrook, Maine - William W. Freehling
The Johns Hopkins University - Joshua B. Freeman
Columbia University - Frank Freidel
Harvard University - Paul A. Freund
Harvard Law School - Lynn Garafola
New York, New York - Mario T. Garca
Yale University - Lloyd C. Gardner
Rutgers University - John A. Garraty
Columbia University - Roger L. Geiger
Pennsylvania State University - Arthur Gelb
New York, New York - Barbara Gelb
New York, New York - William E. Gienapp
Harvard University - Timothy J. Gilfoyle
Loyola University of Chicago - Jacqueline Goggin
W. E. B. Du Bois Institute, Harvard University - Warren Goldstein
State University of New York, College at Old Westbury - Lawrence Goodwin
Duke University - John Steele Gordon
North Salem, New York - Linda Gordon
University of Wisconsin Madison - Arthur A. Goren
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