Kissinger - Diplomacy. Vol. 2

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B OOKS BY HENRY KISSINGER

Y EARS OF R ENEWAL

D IPLOMACY

O BSERVATIONS: Selected Speeches and Essays, 19821984

Y EARS OF U PHEAVAL

F OR THE R ECORD: Selected Statements, 19771980

W HITE H OUSE Y EARS

A MERICAN F OREIGN P OLICY: Three Essays

P ROBLEMS OF N ATIONAL S TRATEGY: A Book of Readings (editor)

T HE T ROUBLED P ARTNERSHIP: A Reappraisal of the Atlantic Alliance

T HE N ECESSITY FOR C HOICE: Prospects of American Foreign Policy

N UCLEAR W EAPONS AND F OREIGN P OLICY

A W ORLD R ESTORED: Castlereagh, Metternich and the Restoration of Peace, 18121822

SIMON & SCHUSTER PAPERBACKS

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1230 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS

NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10020

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COPYRIGHT 1994 BY HENRY A. KISSINGER

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED,

INCLUDING THE RIGHT OF REPRODUCTION

IN WHOLE OR IN PART IN ANY FORM.

SIMON & SCHUSTER PAPERBACKS AND COLOPHON ARE REGISTERED TRADEMARKS

OF SIMON & SCHUSTER, INC.

DESIGNED BY EVE METZ

PHOTO RESEARCH BY NATALIE GOLDSTEIN

MAPS BY ANITA KARL, JAMES KEMP/COMPASS PROJECTIONS

THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS HAS CATALOGED THE HARDCOVER EDITION AS FOLLOWS: KISSINGER, HENRY.

DIPLOMACY/HENRY KISSINGER.

P. CM.

INCLUDES BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES AND INDEX.

1. DIPLOMACY. 2. UNITED STATESFOREIGN RELATIONS ADMINISTRATION.

I. TITLE.

JX 1662. K 57 1994

327.73DC20 93-44001

ISBN-13: 978-0-671-65991-2

ISBN-10: 0-671-65991- X

ISBN-13: 978-0-671-51099-2 (PBK)

ISBN-10: 0-671-51099-1 (PBK)

ISBN-13: 978-1-439-12631-8 (eBook)

The title Diplomacy has been used before. Both the author and the publisher pay tribute to the late Sir Harold Nicolsons book (Harcourt, Brace & Company, 1939), which was quite different in scope, intentions, and ideas.

A leatherbound signed first edition of this book has been published by The Easton Press.

To the men and women of the Foreign Service of the United States of America, whose professionalism and dedication sustain American diplomacy

A lmost as if according to some natural law, in every century there seems to emerge a country with the power, the will, and the intellectual and moral impetus to shape the entire international system in accordance with its own values. In the seventeenth century, France under Cardinal Richelieu introduced the modern approach to international relations, based on the nation-state and motivated by national interest as its ultimate purpose. In the eighteenth century, Great Britain elaborated the concept of the balance of power, which dominated European diplomacy for the next 200 years. In the nineteenth century, Metternichs Austria reconstructed the Concert of Europe and Bismarcks Germany dismantled it, reshaping European diplomacy into a cold-blooded game of power politics.

In the twentieth century, no country has influenced international relations as decisively and at the same time as ambivalently as the United States. No society has more firmly insisted on the inadmissibility of intervention in the domestic affairs of other states, or more passionately asserted that its own values were universally applicable. No nation has been more pragmatic in the day-to-day conduct of its diplomacy, or more ideological in the pursuit of its historic moral convictions. No country has been more reluctant to engage itself abroad even while undertaking alliances and commitments of unprecedented reach and scope.